EVIDENCE
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Direct evidence vs. circumstantial evidence
Direct evidence is evidence which supports a particular point-of-view, "without inference or presumption. An example of this is the testimony of a witness who saw the knife being used to commit a crime by the defendant" (Direct evidence, 2012, Probable Cause). In the United States vs. Alvarez, the defendant Alvarez, while attending a meeting of Three Valleys Water District Board of Directors claimed in public to have been a member of the U.S. Marines and to have received the Congressional Medal of Honor. However, "the Stolen Valor Act of 2005 makes it a crime to falsely claim receipt of military decorations or medals. Mr. Alvarez was charged in the Central District of California with two counts of falsely representing that he had been awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor in violation the Stolen Valor Act of 2005" (United States vs. Alvarez, 2012, Oyez).
Circumstantial evidence, in contrast, is when "this series of facts, by reason and experience, is so closely associated with the fact to be proved that the fact to be proved may be inferred simply from…
" Then there are the "...5 million employees of the federal bureaucracy and the military" at his disposal. Also, the president runs the executive branch of government; Cummings writes that he is "chief of state" - the "ceremonial and symbolic head of state as well as head of government" (391) - as well as being "chief executive" of the government. He has the power to "grant reprieves and pardons for offenses
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Troy Stone is showing how the police engaged in questionable tactics. This is based upon the fact that they have a witness who identified him. Yet, they were not able to come up with any corroborating evidence to directly link him to the murder. To make matters worse, they violated his constitutional rights in the process. These issues are highlighting how there were questionable tactics used to obtain the
The Appeal Court reversed the decision declaring that 922(q) is invalid as it interfered in state matters. The Federal government did not have the right to interfere in matters such as possession of firearms in or near a school. The significance of the case is that it once again highlighted the limits of the power of the federal government. Chief Justice Rehnquist declared that the congress had the power to
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