Lifespan Developmental Interventions: Case Study of Samuel
Today, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) impacts millions of American adults. Recent data indicates that more than 5 million U.S. adults have an official ASD diagnosis (Elias, 2023). More troubling still, researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate the prevalence may be even higher, with 2.2% of the overall adult population on the spectrum. These individuals face disproportionate challenges in education and employment. Despite rising college graduation rates, about 85% of graduates with autism in 2018 remained unemployed. Likewise, nationwide approximately 75% of adults with autism are either underemployed in roles below their qualifications or altogether unemployed (Elias, 2023). Compounding these long-term issues, the COVID-19 pandemic introduced new, novel hardships for ASD sufferers. In surveys, around 93% of adults with autism reported pandemic-related negative impacts on mental health. These statistics reveal the difficulties many adults on the spectrum continue to encounter in realizing their potential through education and work. Increased understanding, accommodations and support systems are needed to help those with autism thrive (Elias, 2023). To this end, the purpose of this paper is to create an intervention plan for Samuel, a young man suffering from ASD, as well as similarly afflicted individuals, based on evidence-based strategies that have proven effective in comparable cases of ASD, and make projections of possible long-term impacts that current challenges and opportunities may produce across the individuals remaining lifespan.
Present Challenges and Primary Issues
From a young age, Samuel exhibited developmental differences that led to an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis at 4 years old. Autism spectrum disorder represents a neurological and developmental condition that influences how individuals interact socially, communicate, acquire knowledge, and display behavior patterns. While it can be diagnosed at any age, ASD is classified as a developmental disorder because its typical onset occurs during the initial two years of a person's life (Autism spectrum disorder, 2023).
As outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5), individuals with ASD often exhibit challenges related to communication and social interaction. They may also engage in repetitive behaviors and possess restricted interests. In addition, these symptoms can severely interfere with their ability to function effectively in various aspects of life, including education, employment, and everyday activities. In this context, autism is referred to as a spectrum disorder due to the wide range of symptom types and the varying degrees of severity that individuals with autism may manifest (Autism spectrum disorder, 2023)
Throughout childhood and now into adulthood, Samuel has benefited from a loving family which has provided steadfast support. Moreover, Samuel is also fortunate to have two devoted parents, two caring siblings, and an extended family network that continues to offer help and encouragement. Samuel attended specialized schooling until age 18 years, providing him with an educational foundation. Later, in his mid-20s, Samuel used this educational foundation to enroll in a vocational program tailored to adults with disabilities. This opportunity allowed Samuel to build practical skills to assist him in future employment and living more independently. With the support of family and access to programs catered to his needs, he continues making steady progress at this stage of his life journey.
Individual and Cultural Differences
Autism spectrum disorder does not discriminate the disorder affects people across all demographic groups. Indeed, people of any gender, race, cultural background, or economic status can find themselves facing an ASD diagnosis (Autism spectrum disorder, 2023). While autism presents challenges that may persist throughout life, the right interventions can make a difference. Available treatments and supportive services have potential to lessen impairing symptoms and equip people on the spectrum with skills to manage everyday tasks and interactions successfully. Though each persons needs are unique, todays expanded knowledge on autism and range of therapies allows for customized strategies to improve...
…with this disorder. Working with a music therapist, Samuel can participate in activities which provide opportunities to practice important skills in an engaging way. Musical patterns and repetitions can allow Sameul to work on skills such as taking turns, following directions, and communicating his thoughts and feelings in a timely fashion (Gassner et al., 2022). Likewise, music therapy can also help Samuel reduce his feelings of stress or anxiety. Learning to sing songs or play an instrument can build his confidence as he accomplishes new goals (Gassner et al., 2022). The social aspect of making music with others also reuces isolation. With regular music therapy tailored to his interests, this young man can find creative joy and personal growth while addressing some of the daily challenges of living with autism (He et al., 2022).Conclusion
The research showed that although ASD can be diagnosed at any age, it is typically identified during the first 2 years of life, categorizing it as a developmental disorder. The research was also consistent in underscoring the uniqueness of each individuals experience with autism, highlighting the wide spectrum of symptoms and their varying severity levels. Regardless of the challenges presented by ASD, evidence-based interventions and support systems can make a profound difference in the lives of those affected. In this regard, Samuel's experiences have clearly demonstrated the positive impact of various interventions, such as behavioral therapy, occupational therapy, family counseling, and music therapy. These evidence-based approaches have helped him manage anxiety, sensory sensitivities, and develop essential life skills. Additionally, family counseling has played a crucial role in strengthening family relationships and enhancing their understanding of Samuel's needs. Finally, the interventions described above exemplify the importance of individualized and holistic approaches for treating complex conditions such as ASD. By addressing the unique needs and strengths of individuals with ASD, tailored interventions can significantly improve their quality of life, allowing them to reach their…
References
Autism spectrum disorder. (2023). National Institute of Mental Health. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd#part_2279.
Bernie, C., Williams, K., Graham, F., & May, T. (2023). Coaching While Waiting for Autism Spectrum Disorder Assessment: A Pilot Feasibility Study for a Randomized Controlled Trial on Occupational Performance Coaching and Service Navigation. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 53(7), 2905–2914.
Elias, M. (2023, September 4). Autism statistics. Discovery Therapy. Retrieved from https://www.discoveryaba.com/statistics/.
Gassner, L., Geretsegger, M., & Mayer-Ferbas, J. (2022). Effectiveness of music therapy for autism spectrum disorder, dementia, depression, insomnia and schizophrenia: update of systematic reviews. European Journal of Public Health, 32(1), 27–34.
He, Y.-S., Liu, G.-H., Zhang, Y.-H., Xie, N.-M., Lin, J.-L., & Hu, R.-F. (2022). Effect of parent-child cooperative music therapy on children with autism spectrum disorder and their mothers: a prospective randomized controlled study. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 24(5), 472–481.
Micai, M., Ciaramella, A., Salvitti, T., Fulceri, F., Fatta, L. M., Poustka, L., Diehm, R., Iskrov, G., Stefanov, R., Guillon, Q., Rogé, B., Staines, A., Sweeney, M. R., Boilson, A. M., Leósdóttir, T., Saemundsen, E., Moilanen, I., Ebeling, H., Yliherva, A., & Gissler, M. (2022). Intervention Services for Autistic Adults: An ASDEU Study of Autistic Adults, Carers, and Professionals’ Experiences. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 52(4), 1623–1639
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