European Union's Policy Towards The Conflict In The Middle East
The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has always been of major concern to Europe because of the importance of this festering issue that has defied all attempts at a satisfactory solution for the last half-century and because of Europe's proximity of the Middle East. Prior to 1973, the EU member countries had differing policies with the Gaullist France displaying a pro-Arab bias and countries like Germany and Netherlands having very close relations with Israel. Since that time, and especially since the Oslo accord of 1993, the European Union has tried to follow a unified and consistent policy with regard to the Middle East conflict. In this paper we shall review the background and general development of the policy; the problems that the policy has faced, and the current status of the policy. The paper also includes a general assessment of the EU's Middle East policy (its achievements and failures) as well as a comparison of the policy with that of the United States' policy.
Background and Development of the Policy
Historically speaking, Europe's connection with the Middle East and the conflict in the region is deep-rooted. It was Britain (one of the leading members of the European Union now) that had promised a separate homeland to the Jews in Palestine in the 1917's Balfour declaration. The Zionist movement also originated in Europe and most Jewish settlers who immigrated to Palestine before and after the Second World War were Europeans. Following the 1973 Arab-Israeli war and the Arab led oil embargo, Europe faced a common economic problem. This led to the need for a common European policy on the Middle East. The Venice Declaration in 1980 was the first genuinely official European statement of a strong political position on the Middle East in which it recognized the Palestinian's right to self-determination and an end to Israeli occupation of Arab territories captured mainly during the six-day war in 1967. ("The European Union,"n.d.) Since that time the European Community, and subsequently the European Union, has tended to maintain this basic position on the Middle East conflict and until the Gulf War of 1991 followed a Middle...
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