Verified Document

European Union And Brexit Research Paper

Brexit: The Causes of the British Vote to Leave the European Union Brexit was the referendum vote that saw the United Kingdom pull out of the European Union. The European Union (EU) is a 29-member state Regional Trade Agreement bringing together various European nations. The formation of the union saw the elimination of most barriers to the movement of labor, capital and goods between the member states. It harmonized the laws, rules and standards regarding trade amongst member nations. Most of the member states use the Euro as their currency except for Britain (Ries, 2016).

The Brexit referendum had been organized on 23rd June 2016, and the issue in question was whether or not the UK ought to leave the EU. 17.41 of the voters voted for Leave while 16.41 voted for Remain. There was a political design to the referendum where the then Prime Minister, David Cameron, hoped that the results would halt the growth of the populist movement mostly led by the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) (Offer, 2016).

Cutts (2016) observes that the political environment was very volatile prior to the referendum vote. The UK had experienced an extended period of economic growth and prosperity but a large swath of the electorate felt that they had been left behind and did not benefit from the prosperity. They began to distrust the leaders of the mainstream political parties and the disconnect between the electorates and the political elites widened. UKIP, a right-wing populist party became the voice of the disenfranchised and became very popular with those who would later vote Leave during the referendum. Nigel Farage, UKIP leader, painted Europe as the main source of the troubles the UK was facing and that the UK would lose several aspects of its sovereignty if it stayed in the European Union. By aggressively promoting their anti-European stance, UKIP broadened its populist base while also maintaining its legitimacy as a mainstream party.

Causes of Brexit

There have been several arguments put forward to explain why so many Britons voted to exit the European Union. Roff (2016) surveyed 12,369 UK voters on the referendum day and found that one of the main reasons driving the Leave vote...

This belief was shared by almost all Leave voters irrespective of their party affiliation. Other voters stated that their decision to vote Leave was a vote against the interference of "big government" in their local affairs.
One-third of the voters stated explicitly that voting Leave was their best chance of the UK fully regaining and taking control of its borders and immigration policy. Immigration was a very important subject during the referendum debate. Since EU citizens are free to work in any member state of the EU, the United Kingdom, offering more opportunities than other nations in the block, became a net importer of immigrants and Britons saw the balance as unfair. The United Kingdom had seen an influx of immigrants from Eastern and Central Europe as more and more people came over to look for better jobs. Further, the civil strife in Syria and Iraq brought with it several refugees and the EU decided that the refugees would be distributed across member states but several Britons were against the decision. Leaving the European Union, Britons thought, would put the United Kingdom at a better position to decide on immigration issues (Wincott, Peterson, Convery, 2017).

Aspaker et al. (2016) observes that several voters had the feeling that they had been left behind and that the globalization and immigration impositions on the nation by Brussels led to their communities breaking down. The state of affairs was also putting lots of pressure on their public services while also greatly increasing the number of competitors for low-wage jobs. While the reality is that immigrants had and continue to contribute immensely to the British economy, the impact they had did not register as much to the communities that felt that they had been left behind. Not only did they feel that they had been left behind economically, they felt that the political elite did not include them in the political discourse.

Analysts continue to state that immigration and self-determination were some of the main factors influencing the Leave vote. Chu (2016) notes that research done by Brian Bell and Stephen Machin, two respected market economists, reveals that more…

Sources used in this document:
REFERENCES

Aspaker, A., Denver, D., Garnett, M., Runcimann, D., Barber, S., Lord., C., Wright, N., Todd, J., O'Hara, G., Hertner, I., & Harvey, M. (2016). The Brexit drama and the dawn of a new era. Journal of the British Politics Society, Norway, 11(3), 1-24. Retrieved from http://www.britishpoliticssociety.no/British%20Politics%20Review%2003_2016.pdf

Chu, B. (2016, June 26). Why did people really vote for Brexit? If we don't face the psychological reasons, we'll never bring Britain together. Retrieved June 20, 2017, from Independent: http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/brexit-eu-referendum-why-did-people-vote-leave-immigration-nhs-a7104071.html

Cutts, D. (2016, June 29). Brexit! The Result and Its Implications. Retrieved June 20, 2017, from E-International Relations: http://www.e-ir.info/2016/06/29/brexit-the-result-and-its-implications/

Offe, C. (2016, December 9). Brexit and the Weaknesses of Referenda. Retrieved June 20, 2017, from Global Policy Journal: http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/09/12/2016/brexit-and-weaknesses-referenda
Ries, J. (2016). Brexit: Causes and Consequences. Retrieved June 20, 2017, from Sauder School of Business: https://sauderalumnicareers.ca/sites/files/general/Brexit%20Presentation%20Slides_1.pdf
Roff, P. (2016, June 30). Brexit Was About Britain. Retrieved June 20, 2017, from US News: https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2016-06-30/poll-shows-brexit-vote-was-about-british-sovereignty-not-anti-immigration
Wincott, D., Peterson, J., & Convery, A. (2017). Introduction: Studying Brexit's causes and consequences. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 1-5. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1369148117713481
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

European Union and Brexit
Words: 669 Length: 2 Document Type: Essay

Brexit - Financial Market & Institutions In June 2016 majority of British citizens voted to withdrawal from the European Union (EU). Since then there has been immense debate over the impact of the withdrawal on the UK, other EU countries, and the EU as a whole. One of the areas where the withdrawal may have a devastating impact is the trading market. Focusing on the market perspective, this essay discusses the

Brexit and the European Union
Words: 382 Length: 2 Document Type: Essay

One of the greatest blows to the European Union has been the vote of one of the Union’s key members, Great Britain, to exit the EU in a measure known as Brexit. The resolution was passed by only a slim majority of the British public. Concerns about the stability of the Union as the United Kingdom begins to make its slow break from the fold were heighted recently, according to

European Union and Globalization
Words: 1055 Length: 3 Document Type: Research Paper

Political unrest is a worldwide occurrence that manifests itself for brief or long periods in many nations. One nation Greece, witnessed political unrest due to globalization efforts. The 2016 article, "Glocal' disorder: Causes, conduct and consequences of the 2008 Greek unrest" by authors Sappho Xenakis and Leonidas K. Cheliotis examines the Athens-based political unrest and its spread to other Greek cities in late 2008. The authors sought to understand why

How the European Union Manages It External Relations
Words: 3798 Length: 14 Document Type: Research Paper

European Union External Relations Law The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union among 28 European nations that spans most of the continent. Created following the end of World War II, the EU was initially focused on promoting free trade between member states in order to improve their standards of living and reduce the likelihood of future conflicts. As a result, the European Economic Community (EEC) was created pursuant

Major Issues Facing the European Union
Words: 2744 Length: 9 Document Type: Essay

Six Reasons the European Union Will Not Last Introduction The European Union (EU) is the heart and soul of modern Europe, yet it is not without its challenges. Whether it comes to trade issues, member states failing to follow regulations, or immigration issues, the EU has no end of problems that arise from year to year. This paper will describe a few of the challenges and show why the larger issue of

Brexit
Words: 1472 Length: 4 Document Type: Term Paper

Brexit Introduction On June 23, 2016, a referendum was held in the United Kingdom, where voters were asked to decide between remaining in the European Union or leaving it. The vote was close – 51.9% voted to leave and 48.1% voted to stay, and the turnout was 71.8% (Hunt & Wheeler, 2018). The terms of the vote were that the UK was to leave the EU by March 29, 2019, and at

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now