Ethics
The Institutional Review Board (IRB) was created to protect human rights in research studies. Prior to the creation of ethical standards in research individual rights were frequently violated without consequence for such actions. Extreme examples of ethical violations include the experiments conducted on individuals during the Nazi Concentration Camps and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. In both cases individuals were inflicted with significant harm without knowledge of the study or willing participation. Currently the Department of Health and Human Services regulates federal guidelines to ensure the safety and protection of participants in research studies. Following ethical guidelines ensures protection of human beings' rights and the integrity of research. In the case study of Lucy, several ethical violations occurred including: lacking of formal IRB approval for her research study, issues with informed consent, and misrepresentation of the research authorship.
Lucy, a special education teacher, sought IRB approval for her proposed research study to take place in a special education classroom. According to the case, Lucy submitted the proposal to the scientific review committee and IRB. Following submission of the proposal Lucy began to seek parental informed consent. Thus, the first ethical violation that occurred is that Lucy did not wait for her proposal to be approved. She began her research before meeting with the IRB. According to the Department of Health and Human Services (2009) approval must be granted prior to initiation of research. In Lucy's case due to the minimal risk of her study she would have been able to seek expedited review procedure. However, by submitting a proposal and not waiting for approval, Lucy violated standard research ethics.
The next issue of concern is in regards to obtaining proper informed consent. Informed consent involves multiple factors including: purpose of the study, right to decline or withdrawal, consequence of declining or withdrawing, potential risk or adverse effects, potential benefits, limit of confidentiality, incentives, and contact when questions about the research or one's rights come up (Department of Health and Human Services, 2009). In Lucy's case she sought informed consent for the study by sending informational letters to...
It is important that I am honest to anyone who I choose to be my mentor. Communication must be frank and honest, as learning is the key to research. Requirements for IRB Approval Institutional Review Boards (IRB) are the governing bodies that determine what research may be conducted at the university. This is the approving authority for future knowledge and must be treated with honor and respect. As a student under
[09 September 2006]. http://www.bartleby.com/63/28/228.html. A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=103972372 Shamoo, Adil E., and David B. Resnik. Responsible Conduct of Research. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Stanford Human Research Protection Program Wins Highest Rating from Accrediting Group.," Business Wire, March 23, 2006. UNIVERSITY POLICY." University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, 2006. http://www.umdnj.edu/oppmweb/Policies/HTML/AcademicAff/00-01-2085_00.html. Yoder, Linda H.. "The basics of human subjects protection.(Cancer: Caring and Conquering)," MedSurg Nursing, April 1, 2006. Wechsler, Jill. "FDA to modernize BIMO activities:
The second category is the expedited category where there is minimal to moderate human contact and low to moderate levels of risk. The last category is the full category where there is moderate to maximum human contact with moderate to high levels of risk. The Saybrook IRB policy specifies how each of these categories is reviewed Saybrook Institutional Review Board, 2012, pp. 7-9() The Saybrook IRB procedure begins with sending
Crisis Management Ethics Effectiveness of Emergency Management and Readiness of Trauma: An issue of primary importance when conducting field work such as is proposed here is the protection of both the privacy and security of those being observed. This is true for both emergency management professionals and for those who may be served in the context of an emergency during the time of our observation. Thus, it is of primary ethical importance
Gouveia, Gouveia, Hale et al. (2017) "Correlates of health-related quality of life in young-old and old -- old community-dwelling older adults" Although the authors framed the research problem of interest in terms of the purpose of the study, the abstract does contain all of these basic elements. The acronyms, HRQol.,HRQol-SF and BMI, though, are not defined in the abstract and they are not defined until they are first used in the
Institutional Review Boards What is an IRB? IRBs (institutional review boards) were convened to oversee research in organizations receiving federal funds and created to protect human participants from research that is risky, harmful, or does not respect the rights and dignity of human beings (Royse, 2010). Identify the three types of IRB review. The three types of IRB review are exempt, expedited, or full review. If you were to create a plan to evaluate a
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