Ethical Systems: Relativistic
Before discussing any ethical system it is important to understand what the terms ethics and ethical systems mean. Trevino & Nelson, (2007) define ethics as "the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing an individual or organization," and the right action, or moral behavior in a particular situation is determined based on ethics, whereas, ethical system refers to the underlying ethical principles used by an individual in making decisions. Several ethical theories have been developed over time and these have come to be known as the ethical systems, they include duty-based, entitlement, goal-based, humanistic, relativistic, and rights-based ethical systems. However, this essay will deal with the relativistic ethical system since this has been chosen as the personal ethical system.
The relativistic ethical system, commonly referred to as relativism, often uses the personalized approach to ethics. This system is subjective and focuses on personal experience as a form of judgment, and many different factors play a role in determining how a person uses this system. The main feature of this system is that there are no absolutes on its approach (Arrington, 1989).
The development of the relativism theory was initially out of the works produced by anthropologists and social scientists; this was majorly through their writings in the early to mid-1900's. Some of them showed that ethical judgments made by different groups of persons throughout the world were diversified at some level. The rise of fascists governments and fascist philosophy in the 1930s and 1940s intensified the debate regarding foundation of morals, that is, whether they were absolute or relative (Hancock, 1974). Such debates have eventually led to the creation of various versions of ethical relativism and they have become more sophisticated over time.
Regardless of the many versions of ethical relativism, they all agree with the principle governing ethical relativism; moral absolutes do not exist, no moral rights and wrongs. The principle suggests that social norms are the determinants of right and wrong. The category of ethical relativism referred to as...
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