¶ … Ethical Issues Surrounding the Adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHR) by Health Care Organizations and Meaningful Use
The objective of this work in writing is to examine why health care organizations are hesitant to adopt electronic health records (HER) in light of the potential of HER to improve quality, increase access, and reduce costs. This issue will be examined from a legal, financial, and ethical standpoint and in relation to 'meaningful use'.
The use of information technology in the health care field shows a great deal of potential toward improving quality, efficiency, and safety in medical care. (DeRoches, Campbell, and Rao, 2008, paraphrased; Frisse & Holmes, 2007, paraphrased; and Walker, et al., 2005, paraphrased) The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 is reflective of the unprecedented interest of the Federal government in the area of bringing about increases in the use of IT in health care for system optimization. (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) The amount of $19 billion has been earmarked for increasing the health information exchange participation levels and specifically "the electronic sharing of health-related information according to nationally recognized standards for interoperability, privacy, and data security." (The National Alliance for Health Information Technology, 2008) The stated goal is the creation of regional health information organizations that are to be linked in the formation of a Nationwide Health Information Technology. (Ibid, paraphrased)
I. Legal Issues in the Use of EHR
Legal issues that arise in the use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) are reported to include the following 'core consent options':
(1) No consent -- health information of patients is automatically included -- patients cannot opt out;
(2) Opt-out -- default is for health information of patients to be included automatically, but the patient can opt-out completely;
(3) Opt-out with exceptions -- default is for health information of patients to be included but the patient can opt out completely or allow only select data to be included;
(4) Opt-in -- Default is that no patient health information is included; patients must actively...
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