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Epidemiology Shellfish-Associated Hepatitis A In 1961 Rippey, Research Paper

¶ … Epidemiology Shellfish-associated hepatitis a in 1961

Rippey, S.R. (1994). Infectious disease associated with molluscan shellfish consumption.

Clinical Microbiology Review. 7(4):419. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.7.4.419. http://cmr.asm.org/content/7/4/419.full.pdf

This article provides a historical overview of the shift to the dominance of different disease pathologies associated with consuming tainted shellfish. Prior to the 1950s, the most common disease associated with eating tainted shellfish was typhoid fever. However, improved sanitation has changed this and the last case of shellfish-derived typhoid fever was reported in 1954. Hepatitis A, in contrast to typhoid, is on the rise: the first case was reported in 1956 in Sweden. In 1961, there...

In the case of Hepatitis A, given the long incubation period of 2-4 weeks of the illness, this can present additional complications for epidemiologists and even today the 'tagging' system of original shellfish harvest sites can be extremely unreliable. This is troubling given that as mollusks are 'filter feeders' and are often consumed raw, they are uniquely advantageous agents for transmitting foodborne diseases, even though the type of…

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86(5): 1757 -- 1763. doi: 10.1172/JCI114902. Retrieved from:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC296930/

Epidemiologically speaking, tryptophan-associated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (L-TRP-EMS) is a relatively new disease but reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. In 1989. Epidemiologic data was able to connect the dots and link the syndrome to intake of L-tryptophan (L-TRP) to a specific manufacturer (Crofford 1990). Symptoms appeared in patients who were ingesting the amino acid L-tryptophan (L-TRP) for a variety of minor problems, including insomnia and depression. However, the 'treatment' soon was revealed to be worse than the disease L-TRP-EMS is "characterized initially by eosinophilia, myalgias, and edema, and subsequently by myositis, fasciitis, skin sclerosis and peripheral neuropathy" (Crofford 1990). The development of the syndrome was linked to one manufacturer, suggesting that a contaminant in the process may have been implicated in the disorder. However, this is far from conclusive given that many asymptomatic individuals ingested the amino acid from the possibly contaminated batch. The article details the construction of an animal model to simulate the disorder to better understand the possible epidemiology and progression of L-TRP-EMS.
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