¶ … Smith and Kidron, the end of the Cold War ironically initiated a series of belligerent conflicts across the globe. The international news media reported shocking brutality that ravaged Bosnia-Herzegovina, Chechnya, and especially in Rwanda, where nearly 800,000 people were slaughtered during the brief six-week period in 1994. Despite the sharp increase in human casualties lost to warfare, states hardly lifted a finger to stop it. Budgets for military spending were curtailed, the production of nuclear weapons slowed, and the United Nations embarked on more peace operations than ever before. However, the events of September 11 abruptly terminated the United States' passivity; policymakers quickly approved dramatically increased budgets for military operations while thousands of troops boarded ships and airplanes to be dropped off in the most perilous war zone of the new millennium. Though incessant warfare may seem inevitable in many parts of the world, including Georgia and Iraq, there is evidence to suggest that prominent leaders such as Mikheil Saakashvili, the recently appointed President of Georgia, and James Dobbins, special United States envoy for Afghanistan and author of the newly released book, America's Role in Nation Building: from Germany to Iraq, may be capable of reversing this trend. The crisis in Georgia embodies the strong sense of fear that Smith and Kidron purported to arise from the attacks on World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Instead of bracing itself against a potential nuclear attack from the world's other predominant state during the Cold War, the United States today instead bases its foreign policy on protecting itself from comparatively smaller and less well equipped terrorist factions. The Chechen separatists have aligned themselves with sworn enemies of the United States, including Iraq, Iran, and North Korea, all of whom are members of what President George W. Bush call the "axis of evil," in addition to China. This proclaimed disdain of the Chechen rebels particularly holds after October 2002, when 50 Chechen fighters seized control of a theatre...
Russian special forces killed the remaining guerillas; however, during the attempt to save the hostages, 100 perished as a result of the gases released by Russian soldiers.
Within American communities with the highest crime rates, the dynamic relationship between motivated criminals and the myriad opportunities perpetually available in their communities contributes to a continuing cycle of multigenerational crime. Moreover, the simultaneous domination of criminal gang culture in conjunction with patterns of social and institutional responses to crime in poor communities on the part of the government also greatly exacerbated the problem. The Role of Parents, Society, and
A third would prove less immediately apparent. One respondent remembered with mild embarrassment a time when he was caught shoplifting a candy bar. He was 7 years old and was in a convenience mart with his mother. He asked her if she would buy him a Snickers Bar and she refused. She told him she didn't have the money for it right then. Therefore, when she turned her back, he
Excessive obedience to authority in defiance of moral laws may be justified because of the stresses of policing, and also because of the necessary obedience required to do the job in an effective fashion of teamwork and trust. Walking home in a neighborhood that seems suspicious, I do feel better to see a police car than not to see one. But I have also been afraid, at times, when pulled
Further, they are subdivided into the following four categories: Visionary -- they claim to have received orders from either God or Devil to kill Missionary -- they consider it their duty to eliminate undesirable elements as prostitutes from society Hedonistic -- consists of either lust killer or thrill killer who kills either for sex or simply for the thrill of being able to murder a person Power/Control -- the killer is motivated by
Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996) was an American scientist, historian and philosopher who wrote a controversial book in 1962 called The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Kuhn was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and from an early age expressed interest in science, particularly physics; obtaining his BS degree in physics from Harvard in 1943. He stayed at Harvard for his MS and PhD, and credits the period of the late 1940s in helping him
Police Intelligence: Rapidly Changing the Way Police Organizations Fight Crime Since the professional era of policing, the traditional role of the police officer in the United States has primarily been that of crime fighter. Law enforcement officers detect and arrest offenders to keep the public safe and until relatively recently, the job was pretty straightforward. The officer would walk his beat, talking to the community and acting to reassure them. If
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