" (Stoyle, 2005)
While the hope was that following the retreat of the Scots was the "...resurgence of English power" would ensue, these hopes were in vain because in October 1641 "Ireland - whose inhabitants were simultaneously appalled by the prospect of a puritan Parliament achieving political dominance in England...burst into rebellion." (Stoyle, 2005) Resulting was that in just a few weeks the power of the English in Ireland "had been reduced to a handful of coastal enclaves." (Stoyle, 2005)
The English government was "paralyzed by internal quarrels" and nothing was left that could remedy the situation. Stoyle writes that "by early 1642 both Scotland and Ireland had achieved a de facto independence, and English power in the Atlantic archipelago was weaker than it had been for centuries." (2005) the self-confidence of the English is stated to have "crumpled beneath the impact of these successive hammer-blows and, as they watched the countries that they had long regarded as satellites spinning out of their control, Englishmen and women grew increasingly concerned about the territorial integrity of England itself." (Stoyle, 2005)
III. 'DISTRUST' & ECONOMIC PARALYSIS
Ashton and Parry write that the root of the problem between the king and the parliament was that of 'distrust'. There was one group that believed that it would only take a show of force to end the problem however, others simply did not trust the king. Complicating matters was the lower classes which were in a crisis and the ever deepening chasm between the lower and ruling class driven by the "fear of papists, the sharp decline of trade and industry, and an upsurge of class-feeling and class-hostility." (1970) as the crisis over the Earl of Strafford reached a crescendo on May 5, 1642 the "Bill of Attainder has passed the Commons and was now before the Lords" and the king was "making desperate efforts to save the earl from execution" there was great doubt that this bill would pass the lords. At this time there was a plot afoot to rescue the earl from the Tower and in the House of Commons a debate was interrupted "...a sudden noise from the direction of the gallery..." while Robert Mansell "drew his sword and bade them stand like true Englishmen, no man being able to report the cause of their fright, but no man stayed with him. But he advanced alone out of the Hall towards the House of Commons, with his sword drawn...." (Ashton and Parry, 1970) it is stated that at this time rapidly spreading throughout London was "the cry...that the Papists had set the Lower House on fire, and had beset it with arms." (Ashton and Parry, 1970) reading of this work reveals that time and time again frightened towns and villages prepared for battle that never arrived to be waged upon them. On the 15th day of February Ashton and Parry relates that petitioners numbering nearly 1,000 arrived in London with a petition from Leicestershire and another 1,500 to 3,000 followed two days later arriving from Sussex. The petitions were for applying pressure on the House of Lords for their consent "to the demands of the majority of the House of Commons for the removal of evil counselors from about the king, for the expulsion of bishops and poppish peers from the...
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