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Employee Attitudes To Performance Appraisal Literature Review

5. Structure of performance appraisal systems

The construction of a performance appraisal system is a complex endeavor, based on both theoretical as well as practical considerations. John J. Gabarro and Linda a. Hill (1995) for instance argue that managers ought to construct their appraisal systems in a critical manner, based on both pre-existent models and frameworks, but also on internal features within the organization. Cynthia Morrison Phoel (2011) and her co-editors argue that the main criterion to an effective appraisal system is represented by feedback.

Kevin R. Murphy and Frank E. Saal (1990) then argue that there exists a triple structure to create frameworks for employee appraisal. The frameworks are constructed based on four criteria: the constituents, the goals, the specific objectives and the selection criterion. Based on the features of each framework, the manager would decide. For instance, in the case of the first framework, the decision would revolve around the promotion of the best rated employees. In the case of the third framework however, the decision would regard the measurement of error leniency. The diagram below reveals the three frameworks:

Source: Murphy and Saal, 1990

6. Performance appraisal systems in retail

At the level of the retail industry, the specialized literature is rather scarce in offering details. At a generic level, it is agreed that appraisal systems have an increased applicability in assessing the sales staff, and this would be due to a series of elements, namely:

Performance appraisal systems improve the quality of the customer service

Performance appraisal systems increase upselling

Performance appraisal systems allow objective comparisons among sales staffs

Performance appraisal systems improve the reputation of the retail organization (Mohr, 2011).

Aside from these generally accepted specifics however, the specialized literature does not present the reader with particular applications of performance appraisal systems. In essence, this scarcity of information points out to the need for additional study in the field of performance appraisal applied within the retail community and at the level of the retail staff. This subsequently creates justification for the current study, as well as reveals its theoretical and practical significance in the creation of new sources of information which can be used for...

17, No. 1
Clark, K., 2011, Advantages and disadvantages of performance appraisals, ZeroMillion, http://www.zeromillion.com/business/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-performance-appraisals.html last accessed on March 7, 2011

Erasmus, B., Swanepoel, B., Van Wyk, M., Schenk, H., 2003, South African human resource management: theory and practice, 3rd edition, Juta and Company Ltd.

Gabarro, J.J., Hill, L.A., 1995, managing performance, Harvard Business Review, Edition of October 6

Goel, 2008, Performance appraisal and compensation management: a modern approach, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Goyal, 2005, Hospital administration and human resource management, 4th edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Mohr, a., 2011, What are the benefits of performance appraisals in the retail industry? Chron, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/benefits-performance-appraisals-retail-industry-1902.html last accessed on March 7, 2011

Murphy, K.R., Cleaveland, J., 1995, Understanding performance appraisal: social, organizational and goal-based perspectives, SAGE

Murphy, K.R., Saal, F.E., 1990, Psychology in organizations: integrating science and practice, Routledge

Phoel, C.M., 2011, Guide to effective feedback, Harvard Business Review, edition of February 9

Richardson, M., 2011, About the benefits of a performance appraisal system, eHow, http://www.ehow.com/about_5038140_benefits-performance-appraisal-system.html last accessed on March 7, 2011

Vroom, V.H., 1990, Manage people, not personnel: motivation and performance appraisal, Harvard Business Press

2010, Benefits of appraisal, Performance Appraisal, http://www.performance-appraisal.com/benefits.htm last accessed on March 7, 2011

2011, Benefits of performance appraisal, Human Resources HRVINET, http://www.humanresources.hrvinet.com/benefits-of-performance-appraisal / last accessed on March 7, 2011

Sources used in this document:
References:

Armstrong, M., 2000, Performance management: key strategies and practical guidelines, 2nd edition, Kogan Page Publishers

Armstrong, M., Baron, a., 2005, Managing performance: performance management in action, 2nd edition, CIPD Publishing

Baruch, Y., Harel, G., 1993, Multi-source performance appraisal: an empirical and methodological note, Public Administration Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 1

Clark, K., 2011, Advantages and disadvantages of performance appraisals, ZeroMillion, http://www.zeromillion.com/business/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-performance-appraisals.html last accessed on March 7, 2011
Mohr, a., 2011, What are the benefits of performance appraisals in the retail industry? Chron, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/benefits-performance-appraisals-retail-industry-1902.html last accessed on March 7, 2011
Richardson, M., 2011, About the benefits of a performance appraisal system, eHow, http://www.ehow.com/about_5038140_benefits-performance-appraisal-system.html last accessed on March 7, 2011
2010, Benefits of appraisal, Performance Appraisal, http://www.performance-appraisal.com/benefits.htm last accessed on March 7, 2011
2011, Benefits of performance appraisal, Human Resources HRVINET, http://www.humanresources.hrvinet.com/benefits-of-performance-appraisal / last accessed on March 7, 2011
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