¶ … empathy must be accorded to the child, that teacher helps child master words in ways that are most congruent to the child, that teacher must 'step into the child's shoes' (i.e. go down to his level) in order to help him best, that the child must be made to feel that he can succeed, and that progression of knowledge must proceed from lower to progressively more challenging levels
Teaching students who have learning disabilities is done as all teaching is done in the form of an assessment. Understanding that students with learning disabilities have difficulties spelling and reading a large number of commonly used words due to their being irregular, and thus avoiding them (Robinson, 2005), may help us conduct our assessment better and know how to better help these students within the format of the class assessment delineated by McMillan (). In this way, assessment are used for learning not for torture ( Scherer, 2009)
Robinson (2005) urges the care that we must practice in order to make sure that words are comfortable and easy to use for the learning disabled child. It seems to me that underlying the writings of McMillan and Robinson is the philosophy of self-efficacy which is providing the student with the notion that he/she can achieve and be successful from his own aims -- and this is evidenced by teacher's confidence in him and by his past successes -- which leads the student on to expectations of better outcomes and continued success. The reverse of this is the learned helplessness exemplified by the John in Robinson's (2005) excerpt and best described by Seligman (1995) as the situation where the individual learns to see that "when events are uncontrollable, the organism learns that its behavior and outcomes are independent, and that this learning produces the motivational, cognitive, and emotional effects of uncontrollability" (p.15).
John, in other words was humiliated by his teachers. He began to see his impasse in reading and writing as uncontrollable events. Seeing his behavior (endeavor to read) and outcome (impossibility in achieving) as independent entities -- his endeavor did not achieve results -- soon led to atrophy of motivation in reading and acceptance of his situation as was. All human try to save themselves from painful and undesirable situations, particularly those that they see they may not be able to control. John -- and many students with learning difficulties- are no different. They see themselves as too stupid to try (Gordon, n.d.). It needs a special teacher to help them and this teacher needs to assist them "through their areas and channels of strengths" (Rief & Heimburge, 2006, p.37) . According to Seligman, "When a child is doing poorly at school, it is all too easy for his teachers, parents, and others to conclude falsely that he is untalented or even stupid. The child may be depressed and learned helpless and this behavior may be preventing him from fulfilling his potential" (32). The child with learning difficulties, who is inadequately understood by his teacher, is impeded by three hindrances -- cognitive, motivational, and emotional (Gordon, n.d.). He or she may be helped by spelling techniques, a.k.a the style recommended by Robison, but as long as the child is not encouraged to feel that he/she can succeed and master the reading and writing at his own pace in his own style from his own efforts, all strategies may fail (Willis, 2004). The motivational deficit hinders the child form wanting to learn. The cognitive deficit is the learned conditioned response where the child reasons he cannot succeed, and the emotional deficit is lowered self-esteem and confidence (as exemplified by John) where the child gets stuck in his ways.
The national report by the Commission on Reading describes this student as "listless and inattentive and sometimes disruptive. They do not complete work. They give up quickly when faced with a task that is difficult for them. They become anxious when they must read aloud or take a test. A good summary description is that they act as though they were helpless to do better" (http://www.turned-offchild.com/articles/Learned%20Helplessness%20and%20School%20Failure%20-%20Part%201.pdf...
Instead of being frustrated and depressed because they are not succeeding, these children feel good about themselves and what they have accomplished. They also have the added benefit of doing something they enjoy and that will give them personal pleasure. These are the children who have the self-confidence to try something new on their own. Understanding child development can also help caregivers and educators recognize when a children are not
For instance, in Jacob Have I Loved, a twin comes of age in the 1940s, and finds that she indeed can make ordinary life more than extraordinary. Realistic fiction also tends to be more contemporary in tone, connecting with issues that are relevant to contemporary family situations. Issues such as divorce, dysfunctional families, adoptions, etc. are dealt with in a serious and relevant manner; in On My Honor, a
However, he also shows a high degree of empathy, sympathy, and compassion for others. Frequently a significant contributor in a service-oriented sales role" (Weitzul 1993:49). This characterization of the necessary qualities for successful salespeople is very different from the traditional persona of salespeople who, especially in prior generations, often maintained an Aggressive-Compulsive behavioural style that is normally defined as a personality type that relies on a domineering approach lacking
In fact, Wiesel thought to himself: "Don't let me find him! If only I could get rid of this dead weight, so that I could use all my strength to struggle for my own survival, and only worry about myself. Immediately, Elie felt ashamed of himself. (Wiesel, 1972, p.106). One of the guards tells Elie something he has witnessed and now felt first hand: "Here, there are no fathers, no
Conclusion This proposal is for a study that will determine what, if any empathy changes take place with regard to war, after viewers watch a movie about the realities of war. It will not provide answers about the possible desensitization of feelings, if the participants were to be exposed to the movie many times, as has been proven happens in television violence exposure. The weakness of this study will include the
Nine-year-old Afro-Caribbean, Lennox, was referred by professionals and his teacher to the therapist. Those who suggested counseling were worried about the boy's conduct and behavior when at school. As Lennox's previous therapist resigned his job during the summer school-term, the boy was referred once again; by this time, he had reached the age of ten. Lennox was offered twelve months of one-on-one therapy. The problems cited in the original referral
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