The first dose is taken within 72 hours followed by the second dose 12 hours later. This method was first developed by Yuzpe and Lancee in 1977 and hence the name.
The most common problems associated with these pills are minor side effects such as nausea and vomiting reported in 50% and 20% of women respectively. [5] the long-term effects are unknown since not much data is available however it is believed that consistent long-term use may cause both arterial disease (myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident) [6] and venous disease (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism). [7]
Emergency contraception pills are more widely available in developed countries compared to developing countries where access to these pills is still limited. Not all of these pills are yet licensed in the United States as well but the FDA approved the six common brands since they were found effective for emergency use.43 very interesting fact that appeared from the research is that manufacturers are not very keen to enter the market for emergency contraceptive pills. It was found that in the U.S., no drug manufacturer had sought an approval from FDA for manufacturing of Plan B. even though they had been requested to come forward..48
In many developing countries, the reason for the slow growth of ECPs can be attributed to the fact that it is often confused with abortion. But it must be mentioned here that these pills aim at interfering with ovulation and thus are not even close to abortion. It was also found that even in developed countries where these pills are free and licensed, the access is still limited or difficult. 45 for example in the makes their use a hassle and thus many people choose to avoid using them altogether.
Conclusions
Emergency contraception pills are a safe and effective method of preventing unplanned pregnancies. The most commonly used combination is the pills containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel and women in the United States have easy access to them. They are found to be effective in 75% cases. The only reason why these pills are in limited use around the world is the confusion they create. Ignorance is thus a major hindrance and once more information is available, we can safely say that the use of these pills will increase.
References
1] Van Look PFA, von Hertzen H. Induced abortion: a global perspective. in: Baird DT, Grimes DA, Van Look PFA, eds. Modern methods of inducing abortion. Oxford, England: Blackwell Science, 1995:1-24.
2] Trussell J, Stewart F. The effectiveness of postcoital contraception. Fam Plann Perspect 1992;24:262-264
3] "Interim Meeting (Access to Emergency Contraception)." ama-assn.org: December 2000. Accessed September 26, 2006.
4] Steiner M, Piedrahita C, Joanis C, Glover L, Spruyt a. Condom breakage and slippage rates among study participants in eight countries. Int Fam Plann Perspect 1994;20:55-8.
5] Glasier a, Thong KJ, Dewar M, Mackie M, Baird DT. Mifepristone (RU 486) compared with high-dose estrogen and progestogen for emergency postcoital contraception. N Engl J. Med 1992;327:1041-1044
6] Thorogood M. Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease: an epidemiologic overview. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 1993;2:3-16.
7] World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease…
National Vital Statistics Reports 54(2). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Hamilton, B.E., Martin, J.A., Ventura, S.J., Sutton, P.D., and Menacker F. Births: Preliminary Data for 2004. National Vital Statistics Reports, 54(8). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
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