He admitted to being a 'political illiterate' and had studied law, he said, not because he felt an attraction to the legal profession but because his family expected it." (Quirk; as cited by Escobar, 2004) Fidel Castro became involved in political activism and became a widely renowned orator and was labeled a political agitator. His group attempted a coup d'etat against the rule of Batista however they failed and were imprisoned. While in prison Castro wrote the work entitled: "History will Absolve Me" finally putting his views of revolution down on paper. Castro is noted to have stated:
know the imprisonment will be hard for me as it has been for anyone - filled with cowardly threats and wicked torture. But I do not fear prison, just as I do not fear the fury of the miserable tyrant who snuffed life out of seventy brothers of mine. Sentence me I don't mind. History will absolve me." (Escobar, 2004)
Although sentenced to 15 years in prison Castro was released after only two years under the amnesty law. Fidel and his group once again attempted revolution and failed retreating to the Sierra Maestra mountain range. While in the Sierra Maestra Castro and his men attacked and gained ground over the under equipped rural guardsmen and tales of victories went to Havana. Batista immediately responded by suspending the constitutional guarantees for 45 days and terror ensured. The media was censored and military action against Castro and his men began. Approximately 2000 families were removed from the highlands, lock, stock and barrel and those who remained in the zone that was cleared were "presumed guilty of aiding the guerrillas, and were treated accordingly." (Escobar, 2004) Support for Castro and his men grew quickly.
IV. ECONOMIC REASONS CASTRO GAINED SUPPORT IN THE REVOLT
The Cuban economy of 1957 was second only to Venezuela's in terms of the standard of living but the cost of living was high stated to be due to their relationship with the United States. (Escobar, 2004) The "impoverished conditions facing the people of Cuba allowed Fidel Castro to position himself as the political and economic savior of the downtrodden." In fact, the "...ousting of Fulgencio Batista would eventually lead to many questions that the United States would have to contend with, regarding America's investment in Cuba and the leadership of Fidel Castro." (Escobar, 2004) The policy in the U.S. toward Cuba during the presidency of Eisenhower was one described as "status quo." Escobar (2004) states that the U.S. policy in Cuba:
and for that matter in Latin America had grown under the foundation of the Monroe Doctrine. This policy along with the principals of Manifest Destiny indicated that the United States would have full reign over the territory south of the border; and 'suggested that if there were to be imperialism in the region it would not be European." (Simmons p.182; as cited by Escobar, 2004) The United States was given a voice of power in selecting Cuban leaders through the Platt Amendment which "rested on the central if not fully stated premise that the principal danger of U.S. interests in Cuba originated with Cubans themselves or at least those Cubans with antecedents in revolution." (Perez, Platt Amendment, p. 50; as cited by Escobar, 2004)
V. AMERICAN POLICY TOWARD CUBA - ASSISTANCE TO BATISTA
The United States realized great profits assisted by these policies. In fact "the formation of companies such as the United Fruit Company, The American Sugar Company, and the Taco Bay Company allowed the United States to profit greatly in Cuba." (Perez, Platt Amendment, p. 50; as cited by Escobar, 2004) The interests of the United States in Cuba and other Latin American countries were, according to the work of Escobar (2004) and Sewell (2006) driven by economic reasons, specifically "economic prosperity and the control of that wealth." (Escobar, 2004) President Eisenhower and the Eisenhower administration were concerned primarily with protecting the interests of the United States in their dealings with Cuba. The United States is stated to have continued in their relationship with Batista which incidentally: "included the continuous sale of weapons to the Cuban dictator." (Escobar, 2004)
In the memorandums during the year of 1958 the Eisenhower administration showed great concern in Fidel Castro's revolution and at the fact that it seemed he might actually gain power in Cuba and this meant that the "United States would played a delicate game that would require them to maintain their allegiance to Batista while searching for a better alternative." (Escobar, 2004) A Cuban...
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