¶ … Edwards Syndrome, Trisomy 18 8 sources ( 4-5 Print Sources 3-4 online Sources) All questions answered essay ( mandatory): -What ? (Discription genetic disorder) -What genes chromosomes linked disorder? -Describe populations affected Edwards Syndrome (Include gender, age & number affected USA wordwide.
Edwards syndrome which is also known as Trisomy 18 is a genetic disorder that is caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 18 instead of the normal two copies. The extra 18th chromosome comes as a result of nondisjunction of the chromosomal material during meiosis. As a result of failure in the segregation of a chromosome to the daughter cells, there can be errors in the meiotic division leading to an extra chromosome. This extra chromosome usually occurs before conception and it is the second most common autosomal trisomy that carries to term after Down syndrome though it is more common in females than males and it affects the normal development of a fetus in the womb leading to intrauterine growth retardation leading to children having low birth weight. It leads to effects such as abnormalities of organs or hearth defects. It was named after John H. Edwards who was the first to describe it in the year 1960 Buyse, 1990()
Genes and chromosomes linked to the disorder
Edwards syndrome occurs as a result of a person having a third copy of the genetic material of chromosome 18. It can occur when a person has the whole copy of the 18th chromosome which leads to Trisomy 18 or when they have a part copy of the 18th chromosome which results from translocations. Translocations are extremely rare but when they occur, the person has two copies of the 18th chromosome and the extra material from the 18th chromosome is attached to another different chromosome. The physical signs of partial Edwards syndrome depend largely on the site of attachment of the extra chromosome. If only part of the long arm of chromosome 18 is attached to the other chromosome then the physical signs may be less severe than those typical of trisomy...
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