Tips on Understanding and Remembering the Three Types of Hypotheses
The three types of hypotheses can seem confusing at first, so it is helpful to devise tips for understanding and remembering their differences. The three hypotheses -- null, nondirectional and directional -- can best be described in the following terse manner: null means no relationship between variables; nondirectional means that there is a relationship or difference between variables but the hypothesis is not concerned with the outcome of the relationship/difference -- only with the fact that the relationship/difference exists; and directions means that the outcome is important to the hypothesis. To put it even more simply, null means no relationship/difference; nondirectional means relationship/difference; directional means outcome of relationship/difference (Elwell, 2013).
The tips to remembering these three types of hypotheses can include spending time examining many different examples of hypotheses and identifying their type. For instance, the resource text provides examples of each and these can be used as a base for generating a solid idea of what hypotheses in each category look like, how they are formed, what their purpose is, etc. As Mills and Gay (2016) point out, a hypothesis should be clearly defined, so it is helpful to identify the defined aspects of the hypothesis and see what it is driving at -- whether it is talking...
Policy assessments must be based on the most appropriate data sets. Qualitative data is the most appropriate data set in educational research. Interactions abound in education. Those interactions create a complex matrix of issues affecting education effectiveness: class, gender, and learning style all impact learning but those variables also interact with classroom environment and peer group issues. Education is a process of communication, communication between the learner and his or
" Their article entitled "The Role of Phonemic Awareness in Learning to Read" describes phonemes as the smallest units of spoken language that are used to create words. The English language has between 41 and 44 phonemes. The concept of phonemes can be confusing for children because there are not always the same numbers of phonemes as there are letters in a word. Phonemic awareness is important because the English
Educational Research: Charter Schools Descriptive vs. Experimental Research Experimental research studies seem to be 'cleaner' on their surface than descriptive research studies. A researcher can, in experimental research studies, apparently control all extraneous external variables. He or she can simply focus on the variables that are being studied and analyzed over the course of the study. For instance, in the lengthy descriptive "Fourth-Year Report" conducted by the United States government in 2000
The plan serves as evidence that the teacher implemented instruction. As we clearly saw in this study, systematic instructional planning was not the format used the teachers in the sample. As a matter a fact most of the teachers surveyed used alternative method of instruction planning. The results of this study makes light of two important factors based on the sample, some teachers are not documenting their learning plan
contacting 6 middle schools in Winchester, VA, where English grammar is taught to 6th graders. Three schools will be identified that teach sentence diagramming to students as part of the teaching methods. Three schools will be identified that do not teach sentence diagramming. Students from the 6th grade classes of these 2 sets of three schools will be selected for the study by delivering participation consent forms to the
diagramming on students learning the basics of English language sentence structure? The question could be rephrased in a hypothetical manner -- such as: Students who learn to diagram sentences perform better at writing and dissecting sentences than students who do not learn diagramming. The type of research that could be conducted in order to answer this question could be the experimental design. As Mills and Gray (2016) point out, in
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