HEALTH
Applying Theories and Models to Educational Interventions for Target Populations
Beliefs/ Subjective Norms of Target Population
Poor health of female sex workers (FSW) has been one of the primary concerns of public health for decades. It has become an international concern since globalization has affected the mobility of female sex workers worldwide, causing a higher risk of spreading sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
It is a generally held belief by the FSWs that their drug dependency during sex work is inevitable as they feel trapped in this spiteful cycle (Jeal et al., 2017). They feel it is highly likely that if they stop injecting drugs, there would be an inverse effect on their sex work. The drug services will be increased if sex work keeps relapsing and remitting during the entire process (Jeal et al., 2017). Moreover, female sex workers have reported that the use of drugs is to get rid of stress and trauma they undergo while being involved in unwanted sex life (Mergenova et al., 2019). They were under the strong influence of drugs to combat the ongoing socio-cultural disadvantages and the social stigma attached to their profession.
Evaluation of Those Beliefs
With increased drug abuse, there is a higher risk of sexual health complications since when drugs are injected into the bloodstream; the blood-borne bruises are more likely to flourish (Jeal et al., 2017). There remains less concern about using protection or condom; hence, safe sex remains no more a worry. There could be abscesses where the drugs are injected over the skin and flesh, and deep vein thrombosis and septicemia are also some of the intricacies associated with the drug abuse of FSWs (Jeal et al., 2017).
Women who start injecting drugs at a younger age are highly susceptible to using them till their later life stages (Jeal et al., 2017). The most common drugs used include cocaine and heroin. They use it as a source of their sex work as they feel they could be less successful in getting highly paid if they do not have drugs. On the contrary, they are unaware that this behavior would lead to poor mental health, suicidal intentions, blood-borne infections, greater risk of...
…current target population (Mergenova et al., 2019). Regular safety planning and coping strategies would be taught to the FSWs to maximize their confidence in having sex and reduce the health risks. With lesser dependency on the drug, there would be a lower probability of intimate partner violence and better harm-reduction tactics learned by the target females.Further, it is expected that Project Nova would induce perceived controlled behavior as the subjective norms might not be strong enough not to trigger them to change their lives. As mentioned above, FSWs are stressed and use drugs to relieve their suffering. They might be waiting for such an educational intervention to come out of the problematic way of living and up their living standards. Their subjective norms might be changed with the planned change in behavior so that they are convinced to perform a certain action (Taghdisi et al., 2016, p. 198). FSWs would be eager to create advantageous opportunities in their lives by learning new information about sexual health, safe sex, and less enslavement of drugs.
References
Jeal, N., Macleod, J., Salisbury, C. & Turner, K.…
References
Jeal, N., Macleod, J., Salisbury, C. & Turner, K. (2017). Identifying possible reasons why female street workers have poor drug treatment outcomes: A qualitative study. BMJ Open, 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013018
Mergenova, G., El-Bassel, N., McCrimmon, T., Terlikbayeva, A., Primbetova, S., Riedel, M., Kuskulov, A., Velez-Grau, C., & Witte, S. S. (2019). Project Nova: A Combination HIV prevention and microfinance intervention for women who engage in sex work and use drugs in Kazakhstan. AIDS and Behavior, 23(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2268-1
Moeini, B., Hazavehei, S.M.M., Zareban, I., Mousali, A., Bashiriyan, S., Soltanian, A. & Kafami, V. (2016). Effectiveness of an educational program based on the theory of planned behavior for improving safe sexual behaviors intention among addicted males: A quasi-experimental study. International Journal of High-Risk Behaviors and Addiction, 6(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.32432
National Cancer Institute. (2005). Theory at a glance: A guide for health promotion practice. https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/theory.pdf
Taghdisi, M.H., Babazadeh, T., Moradi, F. & Shariat, F. (2016). Effect of educational intervention on the fruit and vegetables consumption among the students: Applying theory of planned behavior. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 16(4), 195-199.
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