S. citizens become vulnerable to the circumstantial risks and dangers of the phenomenon (Mokdad et al., 1999). It is usually the body mass indexes (BMI) that indicate whether a person is actually overweight or not. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) carried out a study for the years 1999 to 2002 using the BMI phenomenon and concluded that about 65% of U.S. citizens in the adulthood years were categorized under the overweight group because of their BMI (Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2005).
To understand the phenomenon of obesity and its rise, it's important to understand the core meaning of the word. The most common and perhaps the most clear definition of obesity can be explained as the proportionate relation between body fat and the lean body mass; the higher the body fat difference in relation to the lean body mass, the higher the risks of being overweight (Office of Genomics and Disease Prevention, 2002). Furthermore, the effects of obesity amongst the adult population can vary from the elevated threat of chronic ailments that can also comprise of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Publication, 1988). Olshansky et al. (2005) carried out a study on the growth rate of obesity within the United States and concluded that there was an obvious pattern of decreased infant life expectancy between 4-9 months due to the increase of obesity ratios. This is a more disturbing statistics then the one that exists for life expectancy ratios of road accidents (Olshansky et al. 2005).
A concise description of BMI
Body Mass Indexes or BMI as mentioned before is the main component to determine whether someone is overweight or obese. BMI is basically an arithmetical equation that divides an individual's overall weight (Kg) with the individual's overall height which is taken in meters. It is important to note here that BMI is heavily dependent on the overall fat percentage in the body and also depends upon the age as a decisive variable. The generalized consensus for an individual who is 18 years of age or older is that they are overweight if he/she has a BMI between 25.0 or 29.9 and is a victim of obesity if his/her BMI level rises above 30 (Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2005).
A concise description of Energy Balance
Energy Balance or EB is another arithmetical comparison between the energy that is used up during basal metabolism, specific dynamic action (S.D.A.) of food, bodily or mental exertions i.e. SPA with the energy levels that were built up or stored in the body due to the consumption of different foods. Basal metabolism is calculated using the Basal Metabolism Rate (BMR) and can be generally defined as the energy that is used up by a body to efficiently regulate its bodily functions like digesting, recollections, emotional drains, etc. (Whitney, Cataldo, & Roffes, 2002).
A concise description of Specific Dynamic Action
Specific Dynamic Action or S.D.A. Of food can be simply defined as the level of energy that is consumed by the body to execute the entire breaking down of the food which includes breaking it down, digesting, storing, dividing into different parts, etc. (Whitney et al., 2002). Usually, the energy used up during SDA can be measured by taking into account 10% of the total energy that's used up during the processes of SPA and basal metabolism (Guthrie, 1983). This is so because SPA and basal metabolism encompass basically all internal and external functions of the body that could require the distribution of the food nutrients to necessary parts as well as all bone or muscle movements (Whitney et al., 2002).
A concise description of energy consumption
Everyone understands that the more active you are, the more calories you end up burning. The objective on calculating energy levels follows the above statement as the energy that is used up during a bodily exertion will heavily depend on the extent, depth and rate of recurrence of the exertion. If all three i.e. extent, depth and rate of recurrence are high, then more calories will obviously be used up. A general consensus shows that the energy consumption levels are divided as: 10% for SDA, 30% for SPA and 60% for basal metabolism (Tam et al., 1996). It is important to note here that the main task of EB is to analyze, monitor and point out the weight changes in an individual's body, hence a steadily rising percentage of EB...
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