Fluckiger, Vigil, Pasco & Danielson (2010) describe several techniques to provide formative feedback to students more frequently and to involve them more fully in the process. Although their techniques were developed specifically to enhance the learning experiences of postsecondary students across a variety of disciplines, teachers of students at all levels can adapt the ideas to their classrooms. Their goals are to "give feedback in time for revisions to occur, provide scaffolding for learners, inform instruction, and most importantly, involve students as partners in assessment" (Fluckiger et al., p. 140). The researchers believe their techniques result in improved instruction, enhanced student learning and better student products. Helping to build a productive classroom climate in which the emphasis is on learning, not grades achieved. Instructors can improve assessments by incorporating both formative and summative assessments in their instruction.
"[F]eedback given only at the end of a learning cycle is not effective in furthering student learning" (Bollag, 2006, cited in Fluckiger et al., p. 136). Formative feedback gives students an opportunity to make changes in learning behaviors and ultimately improve learning outcomes. Effective formative feedback puts students in charge of their learning and puts the focus on the learning process. It can alleviate anxiety for students by measuring progress along the learning path rather than putting the emphasis on end-products and grades.
Fluckiger et al. point out "Effective formative feedback must be specific, simple, descriptive, and focused on the task" (p. 137). Teachers of students at any level can do this successfully. In the example of the weekly spelling test, for example, a teacher could give a mid-week pre-test. Students and teachers could see immediately which words have been mastered and the words for which more study is needed. The teacher could help students develop their own best strategies for learning to spell, considering personal learning styles. For example, kinesthetic learners might practice spelling the words with magnetic letters or writing the words in sand. Auditory learners could spell words into a tape recorder and play back the tape. Teachers of students at higher levels could incorporate short quizzes or smaller projects so student learning is not assessed only by one or two...
Introduction Elderly Hispanic between the ages of 50 to 75 is only eloquent in their native language. They are referred to as Limited English proficient (LEP) patients. As a result, they are disenfranchised due to the language barrier which often necessitates for an interpreter. In urgent medical cases, ad hoc interpreters who are often family members act as interpreters between the patient and the physician. However, the NSW policy stipulates a
Veterans & Retirees; Is Government Keeping its Promise This study aimed at exploring the experiences and perceptions of Veterans belonging to Lousiana and Mississippi about three variables; the accessibility of organization; the accessibility of benefits and availability and adequacy of the facilities being provided by government through VA. The respondents were also asked to suggest whether there is a need for improvement and what should VA do to provide benefits and
Specifically, the researchers wanted to determine which explanations of academic performance actually gave Penn most additional predictive value, the most bang for the buck. The factors included class rank in high school, SAT II achievement scores on various academic subjects, and SAT I scores on general verbal and quantitative reasoning; the SAT most high school seniors take. Among the predictors, the SAT I reasoning test was by far the weakest,
race & arrest rates? Black arrests vs. white arrests The higher frequency of black arrests has been taken to a whole new level as Criminal Justice System is deemed predisposed towards minorities. Primary focus is on two questions here: Is the high frequency of black arrests directly related to unfair and prejudiced organizational practices? Is the higher frequency of black arrests related to their involvement in crimes? (Walker, et al., 1997) The most logical
Part I: Definitions and Characteristics Deaf/Hard of Hearing Hearing disabilities occur on a continuum from mild to more serious impairments to the ability to process auditory cues. Deafness is a spectrum of disabilities referring to anything from mild hearing impairments to fully identifying with the Deaf community and culture (Taylor, Smiley & Richards, 2009). Defining deafness or hard of hearing requires various types of assessments, including those that determine responsiveness to various
Further, "Just as the models of family therapy are, unsurprisingly, isomorphically represented in their corresponding training models and methods, so the development of the clinical reality of family therapy can serve as a methaphor for the training and supervision area." However, in 1988 MFT was truly in its earliest states and not much time had gone by since supervision and training was mostly something that was done and not giving
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