The Age Discrimination Act of 1975 and the federal implementing regulations at 34 Code of Federal Regulations part 110, prohibit discrimination based on age in programs or activities that receive federal financial assistance. All California community colleges are subject to the Act. The general rule as stated in the Act says that no person in the United States shall, on the basis of age, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity that receives Federal financial assistance. The Act is often confused with another law, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act which protects older workers from discrimination in the workplace. The Act and ADEA are separate and distinct laws. The Act applies to students and others of any age who participate in community college programs and services (Black, 2002).
The Chancellors office revealed that there is no federal or state law justifying additional physical education enrollment or graduation requirements for community college students under the age of 21. The federal Office of Civil Rights (OCR) has rejected arguments that policies adopted by local educational governing boards qualify as ordinances adopted by an elected legislative body. Therefore, they concluded that the statutory objective exception does not apply. The office ruled that a policy requiring students under age 21 to take a physical education course or courses in order to receive an Associate degree unlawfully discriminates on the basis of age (Black, 2002).
A former computer programming instructor at Joliet Junior College in Illinois was cleared to pursue an age discrimination lawsuit after the college failed to renew her teaching contract. After reviewing the case, a federal district judge found sufficient evidence to warrant further review of Elizabeth Jacobsen's age discrimination claim. After 11 years as an adjunct at Joliet, Jacobsen was hired in 2003 by the Computer Information Office System's department for a full time position. She was 54 at the time of this hiring. The position was advertised as a permanent, tenure track job. The posting stipulated that a master's degree in computer science was strongly recommended, and while years of experience might be substituted for education, a master's degree was required for continued employment. At the time she was hired, Jacobsen was halfway through a master's program in computer science at Governor's State University. She intended to finish the degree within a year, although that didn't happen, according to court papers (Freedman and Freedman, 2007)
The evidence that was presented showed that the plaintiff was rejected for the tenure-track position while being selected for a one-year, temporary position that had a lesser title. She was twice selected for the temporary position, and the defendants kept the more prestigious position (the tenure track position) open for two years until the 2005-2006 school years, when they hired a 39-year-old woman. Plaintiff put forth sufficient evidence that she was rejected for the tenure track position under circumstances which give rise to an inference of discrimination. The circumstances give rise to an inference of age discrimination because the tenure-track position...
Education Law Policy and Social Justice Mother Tongue Instruction The population of students receiving their instruction in another language apart from their mother tongue is increasing as a consequence of the increased migration. Indeed, as Bingol (2012) points out, “migration and language are clearly linked issues…. because the language of instruction in the schools is different from the language spoken at home, some arrangements must be done for these children in
Education Law Education 520 Business Law Hiring policy To avoid an anti-discriminatory lawsuit regarding hiring practices, an employer should declare him or herself an 'equal opportunity employer.' To be compliant with the laws enforced by the EEOC, an employer must not discriminate based upon race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. The employer should also not discriminate on the basis of pregnancy, age, disability or genetic information (Laws enforced by the EEOC, 2012,
Education-Administration Education Discrimination to Teachers Teacher Discrimination Cases Educational instructors, especially the teachers provide the necessitated skills and knowledge to students, thereby equipping them with essential life skills. The teachers are in most cases employed by union organizations, but in some state and cities, they are directly employed from the school boards. In the latter situation, teacher-related issues are handled by the respective school's board committees. Despite the employer's position or rank, individual
I just like accumulating knowledge and my professional career has shown that you never can really know where you will be needing parts of that knowledge: I worked as a machinist for some time, but then I was able to promote because of the additional knowledge I had gained in the meantime. I hope that the education I will receive in law school would help improve my knowledge portfolio to
Oliver Wendell Holmes states that justice is subjective and changes according to the viewer's prejudice, viewpoint or social affiliation. But a set of rules is needed to make society function and these rules must be carried out. This philosophy of law applies to Ann Hopkins' case. The senior partner and admissions committee had the prerogative of setting out the rules with which partners should be selected. Their sense of justice
It is important to recognize the many different areas within adult education, and what type of students these areas attract. Ultimately, for the adult education department to be successful, it must attract a wide variety of students, and keep at least some of those students coming back to continue their education in order to be successful. Adult education serves a vital role in the upper education system, and it
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