(Zinn 83)
Human societies within the context of civilization most always are organized into deference periods. The Constitution is a product of worldviews developed within such a limited paradigm, as paradigms tend to be, whether individuals -- including the Founders -- were and are aware of it. This condition, in part, touches on what Heilbroner frames as "The Unresolved Problem of Economic Power." He accepts that the wonderful free market system of Adam Smith is tainted by "giant oligopoly." The logic positing the market economy "as the servant of the consumer," therefore, might as well be null-and-void, but, still, "the emergence of these new attributes," Heilbroner argues, "can be seen as new functional mechanisms for the support of that system." (Heilbroner 138)
To make natural the influence of "giant oligopolies" to the free-market economy, Heilbroner borrows examples from the world of advertising and the manipulation of consumer wants. He admits that, at first sight, these two behavioral models seem to by-and-large undermine the smooth functioning of a prime principle of the market economy: the sovereignty of consumer choice. "But," Heilbroner reasons, "is not the advertising also testimony to the changing characteristics of consumer wants? Whilst in the 19th century, our wants were largely placated by needs, "the basic requirements of simple existence: food, clothing, shelter," the rich nations of the second-half of the twentieth century have largely satisfied these basic needs. Therefore, "consumer demand is no longer driven to essentials, but hesitates before a whole range of possible luxuries and semi-luxuries." Is the want manufactured? Or is Heilbroner making a mistake similar to the one Smith did in his day by filing something wrongly under the realm of human behavior, when its true origins are of a more artificial nature?
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