¶ … Oceans on Human Life:
Recent economic, political, and environmental developments
One of the oldest forms of transport is sailing: long before airplanes or cars were invented, people turned to the sea as method of moving goods and people from one place to another. But oceans still play a critical role in the modern economy. In fact, an estimated one of every 6 jobs in the U.S. is in some way tied to the oceans and "over 1/3rd of the annual U.S. Gross National Product originates in coastal areas -- approximately $700 billion… U.S. maritime transport carries 95% of the nation's foreign trade" ("Oceans impact the economy" 2015). The importance of ocean-related shipping has increased rather than decreased in recent years, due to the rise in global trade. Although cheaper and more convenient airplane-related travel has retracted the importance of human-driven transport by sea, ocean-related trade has increased.
The creation of open ship registries, "allowed the shipping companies to combine the relatively low capital costs in the industrial countries with the low labour costs for seafarers from developing countries" and to "compensate for sharply rising labour costs, especially in the industrial nations" as well as avoid equally costly regulations (Bucker et al. 2014: 8.1). The dominance of a handful of the top registries has been one noteworthy development. "The ten top open and international registries accounted for about 55 per cent of the global merchant fleet in 2008. In 1950 this figure was only 5 per cent" (Bucker et al. 2014: 8.1). The dominant nations include Japan (16.0), Greece (15.3), Germany (9.5), China...
This is a pattern that is relatively consistent over a long time period (Clayton & Spletzer, 2006). The only difference in 2005 was that unemployment claims did not rise in the fourth quarter with the drop in jobs, as they had done in the past. It is difficult to draw definitive conclusions as to where these employees went in the fourth quarter of 2005. To do so would be filled
Disrupting America's economic system is a fundamental objective of terrorists Even as the world continues to struggle with the terrible shock from the September 11 attacks in New York and Washington, one principle lesson has already become clear: disrupting our economic system is a fundamental objective of terrorists. Prior to September 11, our economic environment was certainly not immune to terror, in comparison to many other nations; we lived relatively terror-free. Now,
SCUBA and the Environment: A Paradox The relationship between SCUBA diving and environmental and marine health is a strange, tenuous, and paradoxical one. On the one hand, diving activities and the ancillary effects of diving-related tourism have threatened and in many cases, outright killed coral reef systems (McVeigh, 2018). Popular diving sites have in many cases been irreversibly damaged. For example, busy sites are known to have “more broken corals, a
Climate Change Effects of Climate Change Economic effects of global climate change In this paper, we will discuss the economic effects of global climate change on rich as well as poor countries. Our emphasis will be on the point that the rich countries might have a difficult time but they can manage with the situation whereas the poorer countries will be impacted the hardest. Firstly let's review some of the facts regarding the
The (international debt) crisis offers various faces to the observer according to the nature of the issues involved -- be they purely financial, political, economic and social, or structural -- and according to the role of the actors involved in these issues -- be they debtor countries, multilateral development agencies, creditor governments, or commercial banks." (Kaufman, "Banking And Currency Crises And Systemic Risk: Lessons From Recent Events") World Banks Trade requires
But the work in such factories was often dull and dehumanizing, and until child labor and worker's compensation laws were passed, horrific abuses often occurred within factory walls. The boon of technology for American labor, and the diversification of American society are interlinked. Without American industrialization, America would not have proven such an attractive nation for Irish, Italian, German, Asian, and other waves of immigrants seeking to find refuge from
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