Economic Development and Pollution
Globally, economic development is taking place at an unprecedented rate, as undeveloped and underdeveloped nations, often with the aid of more advanced countries, are industrializing and urbanizing. While this development means prosperity and general advancement for the population of the growing nation, it also contributes substantially to an already severe level of global pollution and damage to the environment. ("Transport and Sustainable Development in the ECE Region")
In undeveloped countries, pollution is generally encountered as unsafe water, usually due to stagnation in extreme heat and drought conditions. Insofar as it may be caused or worsened by human interference, generally this effect is limited to human or livestock feces being introduced to the standing or ground water.
Once industrial development takes place, the process of pollution affects air, ground and water. Plants and factories produce suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and lead. (Edgmand et al., 1996) At one time, it was thought that the harmful effects of these manufacturing byproducts became naturally neutralized by the wind, and in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, smokestacks were built to great heights to achieve this goal. However, all that happened was that the pollution was dispersed to other areas; for example, Scandinavia became the victim of industrial pollution from Germany and Great Britain. (Arey, 2000)
The harmful effects of this type of pollution include damage to crops and forests, human and livestock health problems, acid-rain damage to bodies of water and aquatic life, global warming, and ozone depletion. (Edgmand et al., 1996)
As cities industrialize, they also become distribution centers and population vectors. Thus, in addition to the pollution directly caused by the factories themselves, the trucks, cars, trains,...
"The explosive growth of the global economy threatens the natural systems that sustain life on Earth. Despite some significant successes in reducing industrial pollution and increasing efficiency, globalization is devastating natural habitats, speeding global warming, and increasing air and water pollution" (Anonymous). It is in the nature of such an economic globalization to cause negative effects. Globalization has its benefits as well which hold substantial weight. Advocates for economic globalization
9% 6.2% 6.3% 6.4% 6.4% 6.4% Source: Kelly, Herring (2012). Fig 3: France Construction Growth Rate (%) Source: Kelly and Herring (2012) Economic theory points out the factors leading to the decline in the construction output in France. Economic theory argues that the changes in demand for construction activities may be due to several economic factors such as changes in Gross National Product, and changes in interest rates. (Finkel, 1997). Akintola and Martin (1994) argue that the level of
More than 90% of the commercial fisheries and seafood products breed in these kinds of areas. In addition, dozens of species of migratory birds breed in the marshes and raise their young there. Commercial fishing and its dependent industries would not survive long without these areas intact. As it is, commercial fishing of wild species is being badly impacted by aquaculture, which was another unforeseen consequence of development, in this
economic environment, simply defined, Globalization is "a phenomena by which economic agents in any given part of the world are much more affected by events elsewhere in the world." (Wolf, 2004) Globalization also "refers to the process of increasing social and cultural inter-connectedness, political interdependence, and economic, financial and market integrations. Globalization makes alliances an integral part of a firm's strategy to better satisfy customers and to achieve sustainable
This aspect of the study were inclusive of works of "economic historians on the development of financial systems" most particularly the "banking systems" worldwide and exactly what the resulting impact will be. (Rousseau & Sylla, 2001) While the two identified "strands of literature" one dealing with domestic and the other international developments, are no always related to one another" but are however, both elements of the story called financial
Sustainable Design Sustainable Development Searching for Sustainability When researchers analyzed the global resource flow trends that emerged between 1980 and 2002 they found a 25% worldwide increase in material extraction and natural resource use (Behren, Giljum, Kovanda, and Niza, 2005). The increased material extraction rates were attributed to growing economies in developing nations like China and the growing size of the consumer class in these countries. When compared to trends in economic activity
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