Earthquake Mitigation in Emergency Management
Earthquake Risks and Hazards
Earthquake Risk Mitigation
Mandatory-structural Mitigation
Nonstructural Mitigation
This paper aims at analyzing the risk and hazards associated with earthquakes. In addition to that, it will also put light on the earthquake risk mitigation strategies that are used by various organizations. Apart from that, the paper will also propose strategies that would further enhance the earthquake mitigation practices of public and private institutions.
Earthquake mitigation in Emergency Management
An earthquake can be defined as the sudden slip on the fault and the resulting shaking of ground seismic energy radiations that are caused by the slip. This shaking and energy radiations can be caused by some magmatic or volcanic activities and other stress changes in the infrastructure of earth as well. (U.S. Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, 2014) The table below provides information about some of the largest earthquakes in the history of the United States of America:
S.no
Magnitude
Location
1.
9.2
March 28, 1964
Prince William Sound, Alaska
2.
8.8
March 9, 1957
Andreanof Islands, Alaska
3.
8.7
Feb. 4, 1965
Rat Islands, Alaska
4.
8.3
Nov. 10, 1938
East of Shumagin Islands, Alaska
5.
8.3
July 10, 1958
Lituya Bay, Alaska
6.
8.2
Sept. 10, 1899
Yakutat Bay, Alaska
7.
8.2
Sept. 4, 1899
Near Cape Yakataga, Alaska
8.
8.0
May 7, 1986
Andreanof Islands, Alaska
9.
7.9
Feb. 7, 1812
New Madrid, Missouri
10.
7.9
Jan. 9, 1857
Fort Tejon, California
11.
7.9
April 3, 1868
Ka'u District, Island of Hawaii
12.
7.9
Oct. 9, 1900
Kodiak Island, Alaska
13.
7.9
Nov. 30, 1987
Gulf of Alaska
14.
7.9
Nov. 3, 2002
Central Alaska
15.
7.8
March 26, 1872
Owens Valley, California
16.
7.8
Feb. 24, 1892
Imperial Valley, California
17.
7.8
Nov. 17, 2003
Rat Island, Alaska
18.
7.7
Dec. 16, 1811
New Madrid, Missouri area
19.
7.7
April 18, 1906
San Francisco, California
20.
7.7
Oct. 3, 1915
Pleasant Valley, Nevada
21.
7.6
Jan. 23, 1812
New Madrid, Missouri area
22.
7.6
June 28, 1992
Landers, California
23.
7.5
July 21, 1952
Kern County, California
24.
7.3
Nov. 4, 1927
West of Lompoc, California
25.
7.3
Dec. 16, 1954
Dixie Valley, Nevada
26.
7.3
Aug. 18, 1959
Hebgen Lake, Montana
27.
7.3
Oct. 28, 1983
Borah Peak, Idaho
(Staff Members of Pearson Education, 2014)
Around 50,000 earthquakes occur each year due to the shifting and adjustment of the tectonic plates of the earth. These earthquakes include some of the most devastating magnitude that release great amount of energy. The problem is that the knowledge of scientists is restricted to broadcast indications. They cannot go beyond these indications to indicate where this disaster will occur the next time. (Staff Members of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2007)
Earthquake preparedness and risk management or mitigation cannot be regarded as one of the common issues that public institutions confront. A number of reasons underlie the lack of adoption of earthquake risk mitigation strategies by both public and private institutions. One of the most common reason is the extensive costs that are associated with these strategies. As these strategies might lead towards the reconstruction of the storages or warehouses of the organizations that hold large amount of inventory, these organizations generally avoid adopting these strategies. (Staff Members of the California Seismic Safety Commission, 2010)
This research, therefore, aims at analyzing the risk and hazards associated with earthquakes. In addition to that, it will also put light on the earthquake risk mitigation strategies that are used by various organizations. Apart from that, the paper will also propose strategies that would further enhance the earthquake mitigation practices of public and private institutions. (Folger, 2013)
Earthquake Risks and Hazards
A number of recent studies have indicated that earthquakes are becoming increasingly damaging in the present era. One of the basic reason that underlie this increase in damage is the increase in population. Apart from that, the urbanization process and development of large number of buildings have also led towards an enhancement of the risks and damages that are caused by earthquakes. (Staff Members of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2000)
In addition to that, the older building stock, including the buildings that were built 20 years ago, are vulnerable to earthquakes and have the tendency to collapse due to the violet shaking of...
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