¶ … dual or alternative currency discussed in one or more readings, or one reading plus the film "Pig Tusks and Paper Money." How do the currency/currencies you discuss help to organize, express, or shape social life? How effective are they?
As an organization, the power of money is based on authority. The value and productive power of money depends directly on the perceived strength of the issuing government and the authority conceded to it by the population. This authority has an economic aspect, its capacity to maintain fiscal discipline, to collect taxes, to prevent counterfeiting. It also has a wider political and social aspect. The value of money issued depends on the perceived strength and stability of the government, the military strength and stability of the country and its relationship with other nations, and its capacity to enforce rule of law among its citizens. Authority and trust are complementary forces. Ultimately the strength of a currency depends on the extent to which it gains the trust and confidence of society, which today means the global financial community. Remove this trust and confidence, as occurred during the U.S. banking crisis of the Great Depression or during the recent financial crisis in Asia, and the entire monetary system is threatened with collapse. The ultimate foundation that gives force and effectiveness to this greatest of social institutions is not hardcore physical assets but an intangible human value. However, what money is abstaining in its exchange from one hand to another, if for those hands to actually meet. The societies, which have been so dependent and intermixed, is getting alienated, as the exchange of the most common good- paper money, has no need of personalized attention. The film "Pig Tusks and Paper Money" by & #8230; and the article "Mobile money: Communication, Consumption and Change in the Payment Space" by Maurer shed light on this matter and represent completely different paths back to social engagement.
The film "Pig Tusks and Paper Money" forces the spectator to think back to the time when there was no paper money source which made the world go round, as the film offers a portrait of Papua New Guinea and the two different currencies which co-exist in this area: there's a modern cash economy and a traditional economy which orbits around shells, banana leaf bundles and the tusks of pigs. The film demonstrates the aspirations of one man, Henry Tokabak and his goals to create a bank where the shell money which be treated within a legitimate system of exchange. One of the remarks that Tokabak memorably makes in the film that draws a firm distinction between the difference between coin/paper currency and the exchange of shells and other objects is that "Shell money gets exchanged within the community, but paper money just goes away." Paper money doesn't have the capability of giving back to the community and the circuitous impact that shells and other comparable items have. The indigenous people of Papua New Guinea are able to survive and thrive remarkable well without the necessity of paper money: in fact, for the most part, it's the outside world which requires that they have paper money for transportation costs, taxes and other things.
Socially, the use of shells as a form of currency has a definitive impact on social life, because it takes away the sense of the inaccessibility of money or the unobtainable perspective of money. Rather than coins or paper symbolizing this hard to obtain and inaccessible thing, they use a material which is as indigenous to the earth and their land as these peoples are. In this manner, there's something simply more organic and less exclusive with shell money.
Furthermore, there's something naturally fitting about using shell money. As history has demonstrated, numerous cultures and civilizations have used shell money. Thus, as Tokabak demonstrates throughout the film, going back to shell money in many respects would be like a return to the roots of civilization. "The use of cowry shells as a medium of exchange goes back to the dawn of Chinese civilization. One of the earliest written references is that of an historian, S su-ma Ch'ien, of c. 145-86 BC. He mentions cowries as being used as money in the Shang and Chou periods…The use of cowries as money became common place in most African countries at one time or another and in some, like Ethiopia, cowries are still used in remote corners of the land" (Narbet, 2013). While these particular shells were never used as a form of currency in...
Stereotypes, for instance, are a characteristic -- or bundle (or product) of System One. Stereotypes essentially consist of clumping people who 'belong 'to us in 'in groups and people who are alien to us in 'out' groups. This in turn evokes our response to them. Although it can lead into prejudicial and non-ethical as well as possibly harmful behavior -- and harmful both to self and others -- stereotypes can
Thereafter, Poland and the Czech Republic were required to provide evidence concerning their compliance with the requirement to improve their commitment to environmental standards as well (Medvec 2009). Both Poland and the Czech Republic were successful in satisfying the EU's leadership of their commitment to full integration by providing evidence of their commitment to improving their track record on environmental issues and achieved membership in the EU in 2004; in
Brain Drain of Health Professionals in Zimbabwe Brain Drain is described in the work of Lowell and Findlay (2001) as something that can occur "...if emigration of tertiary educated persons for permanent or long-stays abroad reaches significant levels and is not offset by the 'feedback' effects of remittances, technology transfer, investments or trade. Brain drain reduces economic growth through unrecompensed investments in education and depletion of a source country's human capital
Foreign Policy of China (Beijing consensus) Structure of Chinese Foreign Policy The "Chinese Model" of Investment The "Beijing Consensus" as a Competing Framework Operational Views The U.S.-China (Beijing consensus) Trade Agreement and Beijing Consensus Trading with the Enemy Act Export Control Act. Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act Category B Category C The 1974 Trade Act. The Operational Consequences of Chinese Foreign Policy The World Views and China (Beijing consensus) Expatriates The Managerial Practices Self Sufficiency of China (Beijing consensus) China and western world: A comparison The China (Beijing
In general, Product Development at Ford involves three major stages, all leading up to the manufacture of the vehicle: Plan, Design, and Verify -- then manufacture. To do this, though, functional areas need to manage costs, plan marketing programs, ensure that needed parts are available, plan manufacturing schedules, hiring (if needed), shift changes, and numerous other data (a/p, a/r, payroll, etc.). The model for Ford is: (Source: Murthy and Desai) Thus, on
political framework of EU and OCT European Union (EU) and Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) are in association with each other via a system which is based on the provisions of part IV of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU), consisting of detailed rules and measures which are laid down in the document issued on 27th November 2001 title Oversees Association Decision. The expiry date of this
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now