Drug Action
Pharmacokinetics explains the process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. These processes are dependent on the amount of the drug administered, the method of administration (which affects the rate of absorption, biotransformation, and even excretion), and how the drug binds in the tissues. In essence, a drug's ability to transverse the cellular membranes depends on its solubility and molecular size and shape. The passive diffusion of the drug across cellular membranes depends on its lipid solubility as well as concentration gradients outside and inside the cellular membrane and the pH differences across the membrane. Active transport of the drug occurs when the drug is actually moved by components of the membrane. This can allow a drug move against concentration and electrochemical gradients but it requires energy, can be selective, and can be inhibited by similar molecules. The absorption rate is influenced by the drug concentration (with high concentrations being absorbed quicker than lower concentrations), the drug solubility, the circulation at the site of action, and the area of the absorbing surface. Absorption is also affected by the type of administration. For instance oral administration is affected by most of these aforementioned factors, whereas intravenous administration can bypass many factors involved in absorption and desired concentrations can be obtained immediately. However, with intravenous administration there are dangers of rapid and adverse concentrations being administered, there is little ability to reverse the action of the drug, and some drugs cannot be administered intravenously. Intravenous administrations can be subcutaneous or intramuscular, intro -- arteriole, etc. Other routes of administration such as pulmonary (sniffing), topical, etc. can also affect absorption rates.
Once absorbed into the body the blood flow typically determines the distribution of the drug and well-perfused organs are affected first followed by other areas. For example non- lipid soluble drugs are restricted in the distribution because they cannot pass the cell membranes as easily as soluble drugs....
Body Positivity and Social Media Body Positivity and Social MediaAbstractThis research paper proposal explores the impact of body positivity content on individuals' body image. Applying a mixed methodology approach, the study aims to assess whether exposure to body positivity videos through TikTok and Instagram leads to improvements in body image perception. A pre-experiment survey will assess participants' initial feelings about their body image, including comfort, happiness, satisfaction, tendency to compare,
The agents then formalize a data which helps them to stop the drug trafficking in future. By the end of year 1968, America's counter culture movement was at its peak and the trend of illegal drug use for the recreational purposes was rising. That was an alarming situation and then the President Lyndon Johnson introduced a legislation that ultimately combined the BDAC and Bureau of Narcotics into a single
Drugs Marijuana in Depth THE NEUROSCIENCE OF THE DRUG Cannabis sativa (marijuana) is a plant that contains a chemical compound called delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is called THC for short. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2010), smoking marijuana (which is the most common form of intake) causes the chemical THC to "rapidly pass from the lungs into the bloodstream, which carries the chemical to the brain and other organs throughout the body."
Drug Abuse Drug and substance abuse is one of the most serious dilemmas in the world today. One aspect of the issue is the growing number of teenage drug users and the increasing incidents of prescription drug abuse. According to the statistics of the National Institute on Drug Abuse prescription drugs misuse is far greater than the abuse of narcotics. Among teenagers alone, accepted cases of drug use increased from 27
Brick and Cutter's Way can be categorized as both thrillers and films noir due to the fact that the narratives of these films revolve around an investigation into the mysterious deaths of young women at the hands of power-hungry men. While the investigation in Brick is fueled by a desire to expose a drug trafficking ring at a high school, thus making drugs a central issue, drugs in Cutter's
Drug addiction is not merely a failure of will or weakness in character, however having this 'brain disease' does not absolve the addict of responsibility for his or her behavior, but it does explain why an addict feels compelled to continue using drugs (Leshner 2001). Environmental cues that surround an individual's initial drug use and development of the addiction, actually become "conditioned" to the drug use and thus are
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