The way that leaders work with individuals in both sports and at work will also reinforce their ability to stay on task; cooperate; use time, talents and resources wisely; embrace diversity; learn from each other and share accomplishments. Dennis Kinlaw, who recommends ways to coach or lead individuals for successful performance, offers what he calls a "coaching skills inventory" that breaks coaching into "shades of coaching" or different methods for driving results. For example, in one inventory, he breaks coaching into five specific categories: Contact and Core Skills, Counseling, Mentoring, Tutoring, and Confronting and Challenging
The confronting and challenging coach especially pushes the team members to expect more of themselves and others than they already do. Mediocre becomes good, good becomes excellent and excellent becomes superior. This form of coach, says Kinlaw, will
Clarify performance expectations with others. Do not assume that they know what is expected of them.
Talk about performance problems in concrete terms. Do not use subjective judgments in discussing a person's performance.
Emphasize improvement in the future. Do not dwell on past failures.
Challenge others to accept more difficult tasks. Do not allow them to believe that they have reached their limits.
Develop concrete strategies to improve the performance of others. Do not talk in generalities about needed improvement.
In all aspects, sports or organizations, people will develop and learn more in environments that give them the right optimal conditions. These include (Noted in Stewart, 295):
People grow when there is a felt need.
People grow when they are encouraged by someone they respect.
People grow as they move from a condition of lower to higher self-esteem
People grow as they move from external to internal commitment.
Further, the organizational situations that most promote this growth include:
Basic respect for worth and dignity of all people is a cardinal value.
Individual differences are recognized, and a variety of learning experiences are provided.
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