The second topology one includes the less common dreams whose meaning are different and should therefore be treated and handled in the light of latest theoretical frameworks as advanced by Kohut Self-psychology. He referred to these dreams as "Self-state dreams" which are experienced when the patient's psychological structure stability is in jeopardy .Such crisis or threat usually occur in different pathological states, the states can however vary from being hyper-stimulation (maniacal), to tension reduction in approach of a depressed state. This might lead to a serious problem related to the of the psychic structure's disintegration .
Kohut in (1977) stated that the act of exhibiting the elements of a dream makes up the attempt by the unconscious to tackle the psychological dangers that are related to the actual processes portrayed in the visual images in the dream
Through the process of symbolic manifestations, Stolorow (1989) pointed out that images in the dream due necessitates the covering and merging of a threat to the self and the incorporation asolid attempt to repair. The main function of the dream is therefore to protect the psychological faculty through process of concretisation in a reparative manner. This one advertently denotes a definite form that is associated to the dreadful experience that is related to self-dissolution.
Kohut did not advance a comprehensive a dream theory, however had a series of key intuitions that were organized by J. Fosshage later in his works.
Kohut insists that an individual's psychology has the capacity to self-regulate. This is however organized through comprehensive relationships with others. The self-regulatory activity occurs through images in the dream and they tend to serve a protective role for the psychology when there is a threat to its integrity
Kohut however initially limited the "self-state dreams" to a just a few of dreams, he progressively expanded this category. In the end he included these few dreams those that had positive experience of transformation which happened with the feeling of a strong, and yet very harmonic self that has been subjected to a totally new dimension. The dream therefore portrays symbolically this transformation and places it in a "concrete" state (Kohut 1979).
J. Fosshage however draws a solution that the dream do perform a complex role which involve integrating and synthesising, making a comparisons and analysis of different sources, that range from the neurophysiologic research targeted at R.E.M. sleep to the cognitive studies, and the psychoanalytic theories based on theoretical framework not having a relationship with the classical model. While referring to is own clinical experience, Fosshage asserts that the most fundamental functions of dreaming geared towards the development, servicing and the process of reintegrating the psychological domain.
Developmental function refers to the possibility of bringing together several processes of change through the ability to represent them using symbols (Fosshage,1987): by way of images the dream acquire form and then foresees the entire development functions that are still blurred to the conscious mind. Latest psychological configurations that assist in organising the psychological life of the dreamer and new relational attributes can be emerged.
To show these concepts, Fosshage narrated the dream of certain a woman in her fifties: she was very intelligent and had a successful professional life. She however was emotionally repressed and therefore had a very confined life-style. After many months of psychotherapeutic treatment, she woman dreamed that she was the driver of a certain a Porsche which was fire-red in color. The image of the Porsche car hinted to the integral and "emotive" element of her personality had begun to re-emerge and develop due to the analytical relationship she had acquired. This had however still not manifested in her conscious life.
Other important roles of the dream involve maintaining and reintegrating the psychological configuration. These are two related functions: the word "reintegration" does refer to the very serious clinical cases in which a patient fears the risk associated with the disintegration of his or her mind. In this case we can detect a very profound analogy using Kohut's ideas.He advanced a theory which stated and defined the existence of "self-state dreams." He noted that an individual can feel endangered due to a compromise of the integrity of his or her psychology. Conversely,-word "maintenance" do refer to the actual necessity of maintaining a firm and yet structured principles whose role is the act of organising an individual's psychological manifestations with an aim...
Dreaming This chapter discusses the methodology to be used in the study. It describes the procedures that will be applied and followed systematically in conducting the research study. Steps involved in carrying out the research study are elaborated and a justification for the chosen research design is justified. The research design, unit of analysis, sampling design and procedures, instruments of data collection and data analysis are given in this section. Research methodology
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