Donald E. Super
The Life-Span theory of career development, developed by D.E. Super in 1953, is a highly useful tool for understanding career choice and development across the lifespan. The theory sees career development as a series of steps that begin with the development of self-concept, and end with retirement, although these steps can sometimes be juxtaposed during the life cycle. In the decades since Super's theory was first developed, it has remained topical, respected, and useful in career development counseling. However, the theory's limited consideration of individual factors and socioeconomic factors make it the most useful when used in conjunction with other approaches to career development.
Overview of Life-Span Theory number of key figures helped to shape Super's Life-Span theory of career development. These included Hull, Thorndike, and Bandura, who helped to shape the major focus of the theory toward an understanding of the distinct life roles of the individual, and that personality and interests could change across the life span, rather than just the first few decades of life (Super, Savickas, and Super, 1996).
The basic assumption that underlies Super's theory is that individuals change as they mature. Further, Super's theory is built on an understanding of self-concept, which "develops through physical and mental growth, observations of work, identification with working adults, general environment, and general experiences" (Zunker, p. 30).
Super's theory formalizes stages and developmental tasks over an individual's life. In summary, his five stages are: 1) growth, where self-concept is formed (birth to age 14 or 15), 2) exploratory, where individuals collect information about careers (age 14 to 24) 3) establishment, where skills are guilt...
Career Development THEORIES OF CARRRIER DEVELOPMENT Major Theories of Career Development Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) Theory of Work Adjustment was developed in 1964 by Rene Dawis, George England and Lloyd Lofquist from the university of Minnesota. This theory of work adjustment (TWA) is a comprehensive model of work/job adjustment based on the concept of correspondence between an individual and his environment. Dawis and Lofquist (1964) defined work adjustment as the process
S., experts estimate the genuine number of incidents of abuse and neglect ranges three times higher than reported. (National Child Abuse Statistics, 2006) in light of these critical contemporary concerns for youth, this researcher chose to document the application of Object Relation, Attachment Theories, and Self-Psychology to clinical practice, specifically focusing on a patient who experienced abuse when a child. Consequently, this researcher contends this clinical case study dissertation proves
That path might change throughout the course of one's life in response to personal changes, or external stimuli such as social, political, or economic pressure. The key is, it does not matter exactly which career a person chooses, so long as that career reflects their developmental stage and their core beliefs about self. Since the psycho-social developmental theories of Erikson coincide with the career development research by Stone and Gottfredson,
164). "Worry, believe it or not," Ellis continues, "has no magical quality of staving off bad luck. On the contrary, it increases your chances of disease or accident by unnerving you" (Ellis, 1997, p. 164). Thus, worrying about and subsequently avoiding fearful situations really accomplishes nothing but perpetuating the fearful situation and the worry; the situation will continue to exist if it isn't addressed. If the situation causes one
Career counseling is not limited to a particular trade or skill or type of people but includes a wide range of individuals who possess all kinds of skills, passions, and values as well as career motivations. In this paper, we investigate the practical applicability of Super's Developmental Self-Concept Theory-based model for career counseling. This theory or model of counseling encompasses the entire lifespan of an individual and divides it into
Career Counseling Theory statement used to review the case and the accompanying selection rationale Career development is a continuous, ongoing process throughout one's life. It is shaped by the experiences that one acquires through the interactions one encounters. These developmental experiences focus on gaining and processing information regarding the self and occupational or even educational processes (Hansen, 1976). The process allows people to understand themselves in the course of relating to the
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