Discrete-Event Simulation (DES)
Literature review and framework on Discrete-Event Simulation (DES)
Discrete event simulation is a significant method applied to establish the performance and dependability of diverse systems, which include computer and communication networks. Simulation study has become prominent in controlling human behavior. This has led to increased performance by the human through their behavior. Three approaches will be discussed in details with regard to discrete event simulation (Abu-Taieh 7). Resources involve people and machines used in ensuring work performance are achieved. It is through resources that an organization can achieve its intended objective when producing goods or services. Therefore, modeling a human as a resource means that a number of steps ought to be taken for instance, the flow of materials in a production process. People are thus considered to be resources in a modeling process, however; individual differences are not put into consideration (McGinnis, 23).
Greasily presented a discrete event simulation illustration through an arrest process in UK police service, the arrested person in this case is the customer, presented by an object (Greasley 534). The police personnel, on the other hand, is presented by a simulation. The simulation process is seen through the activities undertaken by the police personnel of either arresting or interrogating the individual. The method, therefore; allows people to be represented as resource objects and be scrutinized for factors for instance whether the utilization of resources through human behavior is similar to machines.
Another way of studying human behavior is through simplification where the human behavior is studied through elimination. The simplification method is useful because people are required to work without exhibiting human behavior of laziness and tiredness. In the model, human behavior is overlooked for instance, unanticipated absenteeism through sickness and family matters (Leemis and Stephen 34). Machines are modeled in such a way human behavior does not affect its operation to enhance productivity. Time and deadlines are incorporated to ensure human behavior does not interfere with work performance.
Externalizing human behavior outside the simulation process is also another method that can be used to access simulation process. In this case, not all-human behavior is incorporated in the study but only the complex human behavior; for example, decision-making. The decision-making ability is assessed in logic or probability form, to ensure the human behavior shown through decision-making is sensible and reliable (Pooch and James 11). Discrete event simulation is appropriate to modeling recognizable material, and people flow in an organization. However, decision-making process is not easily observable and is considered complex in an organization setting. In addition, when making strategic decisions external data is used this is different from the data used in the simulation information set.
The human behavior can be assessed through conversion of decision points and other concepts of the simulation model into parameters that need human contribution. The real performance of human behavior will be analyzed, and cost effective measures will also be applied. The decisions to be made should be incorporated in a simulation model, to ensure human behavior is exhibited accordingly. The simulation model can also be used as a recording tool, to develop a set of illustrations of human behavior at a decision point. The information will later be used as a representation of human behavior.
Task is also another approach of discrete event simulation of human behavior. The behavior of the human is determined base on the tasks performed. People are taken through a rigorous process where their behavior is monitored and observed for specific behavior. The process involves incorporating rules governing human behavior and simulation characteristics. Attributes such as skill level, the length of the task and perceived quality of the task to the organization are also assessed (Johnson and Mackulak 2173).
According to Freudenberg and Herper (951) they described the level of abstraction needed to assess diverse working structures. They claimed that workers should be modeled in a material flow system. In addition, to ensure employees work accordingly, time management should be respected and the workers work performance should be controlled accordingly. A central disposition approach should be applied. In this case, each worker is expected to transmit traits that show their job role, qualifications skills and time mode. The time model is expected to cover the breaks and shift patterns of every worker. The resources used in undertaking diverse tasks should be allocated to workers in accordance to their qualifications and capability to complete tasks. Simulation model is used to allocate the number of workers to a certain tasks in accordance...
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