This research strategy is highly congruent with the guidance provided by Poggenpaul, Myburgh and Van Der Linde who report, "There is a strong argument for qualitative research strategies as a prerequisite for quantitative strategies" (2001, 408). The use of both qualitative and quantitative data is also congruent with Neuman's observation that, "Both qualitative and quantitative research use several specific research techniques (e.g., survey, interview, and historical analysis), yet there is much overlap between the type of data and the style of research. Most qualitative-style researchers examine qualitative data and vice versa" (2003, 16). Likewise, DeMarrais and Lapan suggest that the debate over quantitative vs. qualitative research methods has been resolved, with "both camps recognizing the value of multiple views and approaches to research practice" (2004, 3). This research strategy will follow the research process which is described below.
Research Process
The research process to be employed in the proposed study is the inverted pyramid approach in which the researcher investigates the general issues under consideration from a broad perspective and increasingly fine-tunes the research process to target those specific issues of interest (Neuman 2003).
Data Collection
The data collection process will begin with the secondary research using a critical review of the relevant secondary literature. According to Fraenkel and Wallen, "Researchers usually dig into the literature to find out what has already been written about the topic they are interested in investigating. Both the opinions of experts in the field and other research studies are of interest. Such reading is referred to as a review of the literature" (2001, 48). The next step in the data collection process will be the administration of a custom online survey to collect primary data from Tesco customers as described further in the section, "Survey with Customers: Survey Monkey" further below.
Secondary Research
According to Dennis and Harris, "Secondary data are information that has been collected earlier for a different purpose, but which may still be useful to the research project under consideration" (2002, 39). Because resources are by definition scarce, taking advantage of secondary data whenever possible can contribute a great deal to the findings of a research project (Dennis & Harris 2002). There are some constraints involved in strictly relying on secondary resources only, though. For example, Dennis and Harris caution that, "Finding the information needed to answer a particular research question from secondary data avoids the need to spend time and money on primary research, but the likelihood of an ideal match is remote" (2002, 39).
Original Research
In contrast to secondary research, original research involves the collection of primary data, or data that has been collected for the first time (Dennis & Harris 2002). In this regard, the use of both secondary and primary data is consistent with the guidance provided by Dennis and Harris: "Primary data are information that is being collected for the first time in order to address a specific research problem. This means that it is likely to be directly relevant to the research, unlike secondary data, which may be out of date or collected for a totally different purpose. Ideally, an effective research project should incorporate both primary and secondary data" (2002, 39).
Survey with Customers: Survey Monkey
Surveys are a highly efficient and cost effective approach to collecting primary data (Benz & Newman 1998). According to Leedy and Ormrod's definition, "Survey research involves acquiring information about one or more groups of people ? perhaps about their characteristics, opinions, attitudes, or previous experiences ? By asking them questions and tabulating their answers. The ultimate goal is to learn about a large population by surveying a sample of that population (2005, 183). Since the custom survey will contain more than 10 questions, a premium account (approximately $10/month) will be created to accommodate the online survey. To help ensure the validity of the custom survey instrument, the steps recommended by Proctor and Vu for online surveys will be followed as set forth in Table 1 below.
Table 1
Recommendations for Web Survey Ordering, Organization, and Implementation
Design Area
Recommendation
Organization
1. Limit the number of open-ended questions;
2. Design the survey so that it answers only the questions of interest (as briefly as possible).
Ordering
1. Ask demographic questions first.
2. Make the first question interesting to the participant.
3. Do not require contact information such as telephone number early in the survey.
4. Do not place open-ended questions at the beginning of the survey.
Implementation
1. Use simple designs;
2. Include a prompt if the respondent has not answered the relevant research questions;
3. Provide clear instructions where needed;
4. Keep question implementation similar to allow the respondent to focus on the content of the question;
5. Identify each drop-down menu box in use with a "click here" instruction;
6. Allow the respondent to scroll to each question unless ordering of the items is fundamental to the research;
7. When skip directions depend on the answer of a question, give respondents the control of going to the next question;
8. Do not design the survey...
Betty Neuman Model of Nursing treats the client as an open system which is constantly reacting to the stressors in the environment along the lines of specific variables such as the physiological psychological, sociocultural, developmental and spiritual (Gonzalo, 2011). In this case, Stephanie's literature review on the study conducted by Siegel and colleagues to examine the impact on a low-carb diet on obese children really did not connect strongly to
A Nursing Theoretical Premise in Healthcare Delivery: The Neuman Systems ModelIntroductionThe Neuman Systems Model is a conceptual model of nursing developed by Betty Neuman in the late 1960s. This model views individuals as open systems, with a variety of interacting subsystems that are constantly in dynamic interaction with the environment. This model takes into account the physical, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, spiritual, and environmental influences that affect an individual's health (Lawson,
Neuman Health Care Systems Model: Preventative Care for Mr. H The Neuman Health Care Systems Model was created by Betty M. Neuman in an effort to help nursing students focus on wellness for the client system (McHolm & Geib, 1998). In order to create wellness for a client system, the nursing students use an Assessment and Analysis Tool, which will help in identifying Mr. H's problems (McHolm & Geib, 1998). First, a
Internet Plan for Healthcare Facilities A suitable IT plan for an electronic inventory control and communication for the 10 healthcare facilities in Gainesville, Florida will have voice or data communication between and among the Corporation, the master practice and the individual practices (China Mobile, 2011). It can provide or extend telehealth or eHealth devices through the network. It can also use mobile phones and similar devices for local health operations, which
Feeding intolerance has been identified as a significant problem for infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Inquiry has revealed massage therapy as a possible nursing intervention for the problem (Shaeri et al., 2017). Additional knowledge is desired to determine if new research findings present clinically significant evidence for use of the intervention in the NICU patient population. Toward this end, a PICO question has been formulated: does massage
Sr. Callista Roy Sister Callista Roy was named after Saint Callistus, a pope and martyr, from the Roman calendar on the day of her birth, October 14, 1939 at the Los Angeles Country General Hospital to a big family, which was deeply devoted to God and the service of others (Office of the Nurse Theorist 2002). Her mother was a nurse who lived and taught the values of faith, hope and
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now