Since they are so large, these swells cannot be seen by the naked eye (Kerr, 2003). Satellite-borne radars alert volcanologists when such bulges appear. The satellites monitor global positioning (GPS) devices on the ground, using triangulation to mark whether the ground is bulging. Yet, again, the lack of a bulge does not mean that there will not be an eruption so this method is only helpful in some cases and where a volcano is well-monitored (Kerr, 2003).
Geochemical monitoring involved watching the changes of gasses associated with volcanic movement. Watching inactive volcanoes for the escape of gasses can be a precursor to eruption (Choi, 2004). Sulfer dioxide, carbon dioxide, and other gasses escaping from the earth signal the movement of magma underground, sometimes meaning that an eruption is imminent (Choi, 2004; Kerr, 2003). The instrumentation used to monitor escaping gasses is not ideal, however; it is both unwieldy and fragile and so is ill-suited for monitoring outside of laboratories (Choi, 2004). Additionally, Kerr (2003) finds that gas observation can be misleading since both increases and decreases in gaseous activity can signal a coming eruption.
New methods are being developed due to the inadequacy of current available methods in forecasting volcanic events. Many new methods arise as an improvement or improvisation on current working methods. Choi (2004) reports on how one new method, quantum-cascade laser detection, may be able to expand upon the technique of monitoring escaping volcanic gasses. This method could monitor the changes in carbon isotopes and carbon dioxide in volcanic gasses. Very...
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