The rapid development of predictive routing algorithms that seek to anticipate security breaches are also becoming more commonplace (Erickson, 2009). Evidence acquisition through digital forensics seeks to also define preservation of all patterns of potential crime, regardless of the origination point (Irons, 2006). The collaboration that occurs in the open source forensic software industry acts as a catalyst of creativity specifically on this point. There are online communities that seek to define more efficient approaches to this area of evidence acquisition through collaboration of development efforts. Their results over the long-term are changing the use of forensic software, both from an open source and proprietary standpoint.
The authentication phase of gathering digital evidence centers on the integrity of the data captured and stored. This specific phase relies heavily on evidential integrity and authenticity of records (Barret, 2004) in addition to compliance to ISO 15489:1 (2001) a records management standard that has been proven admissible in courts for the preservation of digital evident. This standard is considered integral to evidential integrity of digital evidence (Irons, 2006). As part of this standard, authenticity of records are verified by the sender and received, the time they were created, send and read and the validity of what their intended purpose is. All of these factors are taken into account in defining the veracity of claims regarding their use for legal vs. illegal purposes (Abel, 2009). As forensic software is based on a series of rules and in some cases constraints, the rules-driven approach to defining evidential integrity is also used and a relative score is provided for each series of authorized vs. unauthorized actions. This in effect creates a benchmarking of threat levels by activity and can over time be used for predicting which potential sequence of activities will lead to an illegal activity or not (Irons, 2006). In this way the acquisition of digital evidence is supported through the advanced intelligence that the rules engine in forensic software provides. Just as with the acquisition of evidence this phase of authentication is also benefiting from the collaborative efforts of developers in the open source development community. The concentration of how to ensure compliance to the ISO standard is an area of continual collective effort on the part of developers in the digital forensics development community.
The analysis of digital evidence is the most rapidly advancing of all in the areas of open source forensic software. Due to the continual refinement of rules, the hybrid approach to the use of constraints (O'Connor, 2005) and the development of auditability of cybertrails (Irons, 2006) all contribute to this area experiencing the greatest technological gains in the last five years. Analysis of digital evidence is also including advanced pattern matching and linguistic analysis to determine if there are data and access patterns not discernable through more common techniques of statistical analysis. There is also the use of cluster and discriminant analysis to find...
This means that no deeper view into the system and its underlying infrastructure is provided to the customer." The constant flow of information makes compiling a forensics report on any given item very difficult. Legal issues may also hamper digital forensics in dealing with cloud issues. Cloud computing raises some unique law enforcement concerns regarding the location of potential digital evidence and its subsequent forensic analysis. When a savvy and
Essay Topic Examples 1. Emerging Trends in Cyber Forensics: Challenges and Solutions: ���� This essay could explore the latest advances in cyber forensic technology and methodologies. It can delve into the challenges that come with new forms of cybercrime and how professionals are developing innovative solutions to stay ahead in the digital arms race. Specifically, it could address the shift towards cloud forensics, mobile device analysis, and the implications of the
This phase is described by Carrier as the phase where we "...use the evidence that we found and determine what events occurred in the system" (Carrier, 2005). 2.2. The United States Department of Justice's (USDOJ) digital forensic analysis methodology The second methodology under review in this paper has been put forward by the United States Department of Justice. This consists of four basic phases: collection, examination, analysis and reporting (Shin, 2011).
Typically, a database uses either the simple recovery model or the full recovery model. The full recovery model can be supplemented by switching to the bulk-logged recovery model before bulk operations." (Microsoft, 2010 P. 2). Meanwhile, our company will need to implement the full back up safeguard all our data. Under the full recovery model, the first step is to back up the transaction log. Combination of full back-up with
i.e. modifying the domain name system. 7. DNS-Based Phishing ("Pharming"): This offense is based on interference in the domain name searching process by modifying the domain name resolution sending the user to a different IP address. 8. Content-Injection Phishing: The phisher introduces fraudulent content into a legitimate website. 9. Data Theft: Malicious code that collects sensitive information stored within the machines in which it is installed. 10. Man-in-the-Middle Phishing: The phisher takes a
Justification of a Forensic Unit Our Agency has just received $3 million grant from the federal government because of the efficient method that the unit employs in running the department. Additionally, the City Council has agreed to continue assisting the unit with additional funding at the end of the three years provided the department is productive and serve the citizens well. However, the department requires presenting a different budget from the
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