Study four focused on children's information seeking behavior and how praising different aspects of performance affects it. The fact that 76% of children who were praised for their intelligence chose to focus on information pertaining to performance of others rather than focusing on actual problem solving strategies indicates the development of a performance focused mindset where performance rather than gaining knowledge was the most desired outcome. Study five eliminated the possibility that the experimenter's influence by way of his expectations (from past performances) on the students had any role in children's responses to their failures. The sixth study concluded that praise for ability in one successful task continued to influence children's responses to failures in subsequent unrelated tasks. The implications of this research are immense. Generally, it is assumed that praising children for their ability was...
Attitude Including Cognitive Dissonance and Other Factors Cognitive dissonance and situational constraints: Effects on attitude Cognitive dissonance is defined as "the feeling of uncomfortable tension which comes from holding two conflicting thoughts in the mind at the same time" (Straker 2012). An excellent example of cognitive dissonance is when someone is prejudiced and encounters a person who defies the stereotypes they have attached to the group. It also occurs when we
Behavior Modification Therapy Effects of Behavior Modification Therapy on Children with Low Self-Esteem Behavior modification therapy is used in changing the behavior of children, adolescents and adults. However, its use in modifying or dealing with self-esteem is not considered to be very effective and is not used frequently. This paper discusses the basic elements of behavior modification therapy along with the theoretical concepts involved in it. Later on in the paper, ten
When children are given the option between a reward they would like and the internal desire to learn something, most children would rather have the reward. That is also true of many adults, whether they are in an educational setting or a business setting. Still, that does not mean that intrinsic interest cannot come along with extrinsic reward, or that operant theory is completely wrong. Many educators mix operant
Chocolate: Behind Its Bad Rap In today's society, chocolate is everywhere. It seems that people have developed a love-hate relationship with chocolate. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, in 1997, the average American ate 11.7 pounds of chocolate. American adults ranked chocolate as the most-craved food and as their favorite flavor by a three-to-one margin. (Mustad, 2001) Throughout the world, exists a society of chocolate lovers. While Americans consume, on average,
Extrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise. This type of motivation arises from outside the individual, as opposed to intrinsic motivation, which involves engaging in a behavior because it is personally rewarding; essentially, performing an activity for its own sake rather than the desire for some external reward (Ryan & Deci, 2000). One of the primary theories associated with extrinsic
IMPROVING EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND EXPERIENCE AbstractThis study sought to investigate the association between employee rewards and length of service for RQ1; and satisfaction with management policies/practices and quality of employee output for RQ2. It uses secondary data from the 2018 Federal Employees� Viewpoint Survey and SPSS for analysis. The findings from the chi-square test of association show that a statistically significant association exists between rewards for innovation/creativity and length of
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