Verified Document

Diet And Exercise. There Are Term Paper

" There was no exercise program provided, as the patients were unable to exercise without extreme difficulty. The results showed that "three-quarters of participants who were compliant with therapy averaged a 4.6% loss in body fat and a 3.1 pound gain in lean body mass in 12 weeks (Jancin, 2001)." Researchers are hopeful this program will work for individuals who have not achieved results from a low-fat diet and exercise.

Diabetes

Overweight individuals have an increased risk of contracting diabetes. Some patients are now being diagnosed with 'pre-diabetes', which "indicates a partly elevated blood sugar level that will likely develop into full diabetes within 10 years if nothing is done to stop it. Scientists now have proof that something can: a healthy diet and exercise (Wahlberg)."

Although it has been known for quite a while that type 2 diabetes occurs gradually with weight gain, it was unknown until recent years if this trend could be diminished. Researchers found in 2002 that "diet, exercise and certain medications can slow or even reverse the progression of pre-diabetes to diabetes. That can prevent diabetes complications such as blindness, kidney disease and amputation (Wahlberg)." Doctors are using this study to compel their patients to diet and exercise. While some people realize they need to take better care of their health, the diagnosis of pre-diabetes often gives them extra incentive to eat a better diet and exercise.

In 2002, the "Diabetes Prevention Program study tracked 3,200 people with pre-diabetes. Those who exercised half an hour, five days a week, and lost 7% of their weight through a low-fat diet were 58% less likely to progress to diabetes after three years (Wahlberg)."

Age and Stress in Women

Middle aged women who gain weight do so due to stresses of life, and not necessarily because of consuming more food or exercising less. A psychologist in Chicago states that "under stress, people conserve more fat (Elias)." A study was conducted on "premenopausal women from their 40s through menopause, and information was gathered on their diet, exercise habits, smoking, menstrual periods and unhappy life events they had experienced in the past year (Elias)." After four years, the women who had experienced more stress found they had gained more weight than those less stressed. Researchers are quick to point out, however, that "this doesn't mean diet or exercise don't matter (Elias)."

It is felt that the additional weight was also contributed to the women's diets. When an individual is stressed, "they do not just crave carrots, but comfort foods that are high in fat and sugar (Elias)."

Exercise has been found to be a "great stress reliever. It not only reduces stress, but helps an individual lose weight, making it a two-for-one (Elias)."

Premonopausal Diet

As women get older, their chances of heart disease increase due to a number of factors including weight gain and LDL levels. A study found, however, that "middle-aged women can largely avoid menopausal weight gain and adverse lipid changes through premenopausal adoption of a low-fat diet coupled with moderate physical exercise (Jancin, 1999)."

The study of premenopausal women noted that those who had a change in LDL and did not experience weight gain had a noticeably decline in "not only coronary heart disease, but also breast and colon cancer. The women who had a mean age of 47 years were assisted in adopting a low-fat diet along with 3-4 hours per week of brisk walking or its equivalent. Dietary goals included intake of about 1,300 kcal/day with 25% of calories from fat, 7% from saturated fat, and 100 mg or less of cholesterol per day (Jancin, 1999)." The results showed that these women did not experience as great an increase in plasma glucose and triglycerides as those who did not participate in the diet and exercise program. The study proved that women are "not physiologically destined for cardiovascular disease once they reach menopause. Risk factors can be blunted significantly be feasible lifestyle modifications. Researchers feel that prevention is the key, and state it is much more difficult to treat obesity and high cholesterol once they occur (Jancin, 1999)."

After Menopause

After a woman goes through menopause, her estrogen levels are greatly reduced. Since "estrogen causes more fat to be stored in the hips, it is considered a double whammy, because they not only gain, but they gain in a more dangerous place. They go toward the male pattern in fat-storing (Elias)."

Exercise vs. Estrogen

Women who are postmenopausal find they are at a greater risk of heart disease, and studies have shown that "hormone...

Doctors point out that lifestyle factors are extremely important, especially physical activity and diet. Physical inactivity and excess body weight, both highly prevalent in U.S. women, are each associated with a two- to threefold increase in risk of coronary heart disease in women (Goldman)." While it is recognized by the medical community that "estrogen-replacement therapy has definite cardioprotective effects, primarily because it raises the level of high-density lipoproteins and reduces the level of low-density lipoproteins, it is no substitute for a low-fat, vegetable-rich diet and regular exercise (Goldman)."
Women are encouraged to participate in moderate exercise at least 30 minutes a day, minimally four to six days a week. One of the best forms of exercise is walking briskly, however any woman who has had a heart attack should consult her physician for specific guidelines. Women can obtain the same results by either exercising continuously for 30 minutes a day, or breaking it into three 10-minute segments.

Prostate Cancer

Just as diet and exercise is beneficial to older women, so it is for older men. A study conducted by UCLA "suggests that a low-fat, high-fiber diet and regular exercise can slow prostate cancer cell growth by up to 30%. It was the first study to directly measure the effects of diet and exercise on inhibiting prostate cancer cell growth. Researchers used a new method to evaluate how effectively these lifestyle changes might help slow the growth of prostate cancer cells and are extremely encouraged by the results (Unknown, Urology Times)."

While the study has not yet determined if the development of prostate cancer can be prevented, or slowed in already diagnosed cases, it "strongly suggests that a low-fat diet and exercise regimen appear to favorably affect the levels of hormones or growth factors that influence prostate cancer growth (Unknown, Urology Times)."

Dog Study

In a study on older dogs, researchers found that "good diet and exercise are important in warding off the mental decline that comes with aging. The study suggests that aging humans might benefit from improved diets and habits, too, because dogs and people experience remarkably similar cognitive declines as they get older (Crenson)."

In the study, dogs that ate a better diet and exercised more were more likely to perform the tasks presented to them. There have been "studies which suggested that people can ward off or at least delay the mental effects of aging by eating a diet rich in antioxidants and other compounds found in fruits and vegetables. Other studies have found that exercise and mental stimulation may also have a protective effect (Crenson)." However, the study concerning dogs is "unique in looking at diet and behavior together. Researchers point out that what is interesting and different about the study is the combination. The combination effect is better than either thing alone (Crenson)."

The study began on dogs that were middle-aged, which "suggests that similar lifestyle change can improve the cognitive abilities of humans even when adopted fairly late in life. Researchers point out there is the indication that it is never too late, which is a very important implication (Crenson)."

Exercise and the Elderly

While moderate exercise is beneficial for the elderly, physicians and family members may find it difficult to motivate them to get started with an exercise program.

Subtle encouragement can go a long way toward getting a reluctant senior to give up a sedentary lifestyle. Most physicians are well aware of the many health benefits -- "from lowered blood pressure to preservation of bone mineral density -- "that exercise brings to older patients, however patients tend to focus more on their overall quality of life than on specific health indicators (Zwillich)."

Exercise can prolong a person's life, provide a better sense of well-being, and allow one to live independently. Researchers have found that a 65-year-old woman has a life expectancy of 81, and can delay moving to an assisted-living facility by remaining active.

One of the major hurdles faced in getting the elderly to exercise is to overcome their "visions of being sweaty, out of breath and uncomfortable. Minimizing the strenuous parts of getting active can lessen the blow (Zwillich)." Physical activity for these individuals doesn't have to include exercise such as jogging, but can be as moderate as walking or gardening. Even if a person only exerts enough…

Sources used in this document:
Works Cited

Citron, Judy. "DIET COACH: How can I lose weight without exercise?" Sunday

Mercury (Birmingham, England). (2005): 06 February.

Crenson, Matt. "Dog Study Shows Value of Diet, Exercise." AP Online.

2005): 26 January.
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Exercise and Proper Diet: Solutions to Circulatory
Words: 1463 Length: 5 Document Type: Term Paper

Exercise and Proper Diet: Solutions to Circulatory System Health and Coronary Heart Disease Management Coronary heart disease is the nation's single leading cause of death." For American Heart Association's 2003 report on Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics, coronary heart disease will prove to be significant and responsible for almost 1.1 million Americans that have the potential of having "recurrent coronary attack." This figure implies the degree of significance that heart diseases does

Diet Exercise and Osteoporosis
Words: 966 Length: 3 Document Type: Research Paper

Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a condition that one has when bones lose their density. They become porous like a fossilized sea sponge. Anyone who has ever been to the beach and found one of these knows how brittle and fragile they are. They slightest bump and they can break or shatter into a hundred pieces. When you have osteoporosis, this is what your bones are like. As Ferrara (2016) points out, bones

Diet and Colon Cancer
Words: 580 Length: 2 Document Type: Term Paper

Colon Health Statement of the theme risk factors prevention Diet Exercise Dietary supplementation No one really wants to talk about the subject of their colons. We all started out life with one, most of ours are working very well as we sit here today. But though speaking about the colon seems to be dirty or disagreeable, it is very important that we all pay attention to the colon. Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer death

College Girls and Diets
Words: 808 Length: 2 Document Type: Term Paper

Diets and Young Women It seems that women today are exceptionally obsessed with their bodies and how they look. Our culture admires the ultra-thin while ostracizing and ridiculing the overweight and obese. The overweight are seen as weak and even lazy, while those who are thin are seen as strong and energized. The media continually shows thin people enjoying and participating in life - it is as if fat people do

Diet Analysis Project Day Food Record Having
Words: 949 Length: 3 Document Type: Essay

Diet Analysis Project Day Food Record Having a diet does not necessarily mean a balanced diet where proteins, carbohydrate and vitamin-rich food are spread out in the individual's daily eating habits. The first day's diet for 28th January 2013 is therefore highlighted below. Breakfast (7.00am): egg tbsp. canola oil margarine 1/2 apple sliced piece whole-grain bread cups green tea Lunch (12.30pm): tuna sandwich on whole-grain bread w/lettuce and tomato and 1 tbsp. low-fat mayonnaise 1/2 cup baked chips glass juice Snack (3.00pm): whole orange

Exercise Science the Physiological Benefits
Words: 2196 Length: 6 Document Type: Research Proposal

Heart rates in children may reach 220 or even 225 before puberty, but tend to fall to around 200 in their late teens, so the coach should not worry on finding such high rates in exercising youngsters." (Sharp, 1) This is a demonstration of the distinct physical response of the youth's body, justifying a framing of youth physical activity as separate, different and demanding its own specific scientific attention. This

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now