1. What is the difference between talking about theories of development versus talking about the development project? How did ideas about modernization and poverty enable powerful countries to intervene in the affairs of less powerful countries during the development project? In what sense did both theories of development and the development project create underdevelopment?
In essence, theories of development have got to do with social change. They are multidimensional in that one could, therefore, think of learning and human growth and not merely focus on the economic phenomenon in isolation. Development project focuses on the improvement and bettering of the quality and standard of living amongst human beings. Urbanization, according to McMichael (7), is seen as one of the defining consequences of development. One of development project’s most outstanding aspects was the perception of development as destiny (McMichael 7).
A new era of development was ushered in by “the extension of political sovereignty to millions of non-Europeans (more than half of humanity)” (McMichael 15). According to the author, it was during the era that idealism soared, and governments from both third word and first world countries became united towards not only the promotion of economic growth, but also the enhancement of social wellbeing, and promotion of political citizenship (McMichael 15). In essence, therefore, development was reinvented through decolonization, with ideals of nation building largely guided (originally) by the revolutionary ideologies of the U.S. and French, being embodied via national currencies, languages, systems of education, etc. (McMichael 47). The Third World, as Chapt. 2 (30) points out, was presented as a child who badly needed the guidance of an adult. Following the decolonization of Africa and Asia, powerful countries such as the U.S. were able to plant the ideas of modernization and poverty eradication in decolonized nations as they gained greater sway in the affairs of the said independent nations. The U.S., for instance, “led an international project, inspired by a vision of development...
Ribeira Azul The development project at Ribeira Azul in Salvador, Brazil embodies the principles of Amartya Sen's development as freedom principles, wherein freedom and development are closely linked. Such principles emphasize measures of human development as the measures of poverty, rather than a traditional approach focused on income (Frediani, 2007). The Ribeira Azul program focused on a number of key tasks, including upgrade of critical infrastructure like water, sanitation and lighting,
Project Management Project Information, History, Intent, and Life Cycle Gray and Larson, (2008) define project as "a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result." (p 5). Essential feature of a project is that it has a defined beginning and end often subject to time or fund constraint to achieve stakeholder's goals and objectives. Gray and Larson (2008) differentiate between project and program. "A program is a group of
All sheets must be accounted for and either closed off or re-scheduled before the new 'work to' list is formed. The maintenance superintendent checks all sheets to ensure quality of the system. Defects are entered into the system by the operations personnel who monitor the operation of all equipment or are usually the first point of contact for other personnel. The technician who rectifies a defect is responsible for
The use of Gantt charts for enabling interprocess integration and knowledge management in the A&D industry is a best practice for also managing process-intensive projects (Singh, Keil, Kasi, 2009). These include the development of new computer systems and advanced technologies where the project needs to capture the knowledge to fulfill its objectives. Project management's core set of tools therefore needs to be focused on how to augment and strengthen
All these activities involve an intermittent spin out of reference lists, diagrams, lists of variables and hypothesis as David a.W., (2000) indicates. The products that emerge give a summary of the progress, give directions and act as place makers. They comprise of vestiges of theories but in the real sense they are not theories on their own. The analysis of theory development done by researchers that is done through the
management for any project that is on a large scale is essential in being responsive to the stakeholder's needs and dealing with the main challenges (Hobday, 2000). The two large scale projects in this case which are the Qurzazate Solar Power Station and the Brantas River Basin Development projects requires well-made strategies in order to avoid the overruns of cost and making sure that it fulfills the long-term requirements
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