Preliminary Research Proposal
Purpose of Research Proposal
A research proposal is intended to achieve two things: to present why a research problem is to be studied and to state the most viable ways of conducting the study. Research proposals are conducted per the design elements and procedures established as standards in the predominant discipline in which the problem resides. This creates exacting guidelines by which research proposals are developed. These guidelines, while stricter, are less formal than the guidelines used for developing general project proposals. Research proposals need to provide persuasive evidence of the need for a study. Thus, research proposals contain extensive literature reviews that are relevant to the intended study. In addition to providing a rationale, a research proposal contains detailed information on the methodology to be used in conducting the study and the professional requirements of the discipline or academic field to which the study is relevant (University of Southern California, 2020).
Selected Topic
The topic selected for the current study is "Attitude of Peers and Development of Prejudice in Adolescence," a topic under Developmental Psychology. The critical importance of adolescence in forming attitudes, political values, and prejudicial attitudes has been studied and established through research. Raabe and Beelmann (2011) concluded that based on the results obtained from a meta-analysis on prejudice during childhood and adolescence, the conclusion drawn from the meta-analysis linked the development of prejudice to age in childhood and social influences in adolescence. As research on this development is rare, there is a lack of longitudinal data on this process (Raabe and Beelmann, 2011).
External influences that trigger the development of prejudicial attitudes, as drawn from modern or symbolic racism theories, include influential role models and society. Further findings from these theories maintained that attitudes are also more likely traceable to socialization in the pre-adult years than due to any current racial threat. These theories directly link any prejudice developed to the type of socialization that occurred in early life. Other studies that have investigated the development of prejudice also connected social networks to prejudice but rarely focused on how peers' attitude affects this development. A majority of these studies postulated that social networks' diversity in early life would reduce ethnic and racial prejudices. These works are based on the contact theory...
…the point of measurement) (Caruana, Roman, Hernandez-Sanchez & Solli 2015).Longitudinal studies are demanding, requiring robust infrastructure, which will last for the duration of the study. To ensure accuracy, data collection, and recording in longitudinal studies have to be standardized to ensure consistency over time in the various study sites. All data collected from the study must be classified according to the information obtained from the individuals involved and at an interval of measure using unique coding systems. In increasing the accuracy of recordings, a recognized classification system is adopted for individual inputs (Caruana et al., 2015).
Ethical issues
In research involving children and adolescents, ethical debates have been held on the appropriate way and time to obtain assent vs. informed consent (for adolescents) and parental consent (Giesbertz, Bredenoord & van Selden, 2014). There are policies and literature that support researchers seeking parental consent and permission from child and adolescent participants. Both the participant and the parent are to decide if to be included in the study. Children's inability to comprehend the risks associated with a research study has been reported in a multi-year longitudinal study. This necessitates the definition of assent as an…
References
Caruana, E., Roman, M., Hernandez-Sanchez, J., & Solli, P. (2015). Longitudinal studies. J Thorac Dis, 7(11). doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.63
Crane, S., & Broome, M. (2017). Understanding ethical issues of research participation from the perspective of participating children and adolescents: A systematic review. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 14(3), 200-209. DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12209
Dhont, K., Van, H., Alain, D., & Roets, A. (2012). Longitudinal intergroup contact effects on prejudice using self- and observer-reports. British Journal of Social Psychology, 51(2), 221–38.
Giesbertz, N., Bredenoord, A. L., Van Delden, J. M. (2014). Clarifying assent in pediatric research. European Journal of Human Genetics, 22(2), 266–269. DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.119.
The University of Southern California. (2020). Research guides. Retrieved from https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/researchproposal
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