Decision Making, Impulse Control, And Cognitive Development
Cognitive development entails the development in children with respect to processing of information, conceptual resources, skills in perception, learning the language and development of the brain. Piaget and Vygotsky advance theories explain cognitive development in children. These theories are similar in some aspects, yet they still differ about issues (Nakagaki, 2011). Piaget gives four stages to explain cognitive development whereby he advances that each stage brings new skills and methods of information processing. He argues that children have the innate ability to interact with the environment. Moreover, he adds that children adapt responses and incorporate new schemes for handling situations.
Vygotsky argues that cognitive development depends a lot on social interaction. Moreover, proximal development plays a role in development of cognitive skills. He argues that development is too complex to be dividing it into stages. These theories have similarities. For instance, both theories believe that children development occurs since they are active learners and get to learn things relatively fast. Both Piaget and Vygotsky argue that cognitive development declines with age (Nakagaki, 2011). Additionally, children tend to find answers that seek to align new ideas with the current ideas that are not in line with what he thinks. They agree that egocentric speech is crucial to the cognitive development of a child whereby children are not able to differentiate subjective and objective aspects.
However, these theories have several differences. Piaget's theory suggests that development comes before learning, which is contrary to Vygotsky's opinion. Vygotsky argues that one has to learn first before developing (Steinberg & Scott, 2003). Piaget says that maturation is extremely beneficial to development and that it drives and influences the development. On the other hand, Vygotsky argues that a child enjoys learning and socializing, which drives development. Piaget believes that children learn independently; they solely depend on themselves to learn. On the contrary, Vygotsky believes children's cognition comes from their social interaction with their environment. This interaction acts as a source of knowledge while developing (Holodynski, 2013). In addition, Piaget argues that egocentric speech serves a self-centered purpose only since children are not able to consider other people's point-of-view. Vygotsky disagrees with this since he believes that egocentric speech is a transition linking children's learning the language in a collective, expansive situation and trying to internalize it as private speech.
During...
Brain and Deviance/Criminal Behavior For thousands of years, scholars have debated the duality of good and evil within the human condition, and the choices individuals make regarding actions that could be good are evil. The basic idea of a utilitarian model, is that humans are innately reasonable and able to weight consequences with rational choices -- cost vs. benefits. Kim, et al. (2010) review both control theories and the biology of
Aggression from a Heritability Perspective There is a social bias against the idea of aggression, so that many people conflate the ideas of aggression and violence, so that they cannot separate them. This suggests that aggression is negative, which is not necessarily the case. The result has been that suggestions that aggression is somehow genetic have been morphed into the notion that people carrying those genes must somehow be inferior
The therapist encourages openness and honesty on the part of the patient. This parent-like role gives the therapist the power to influence the patient positively, and to interpret his self-defeating behavior and distorted beliefs about reality. The patient must be able and willing to profit from it. Since offenders are assumed to suffer from denial, lack of motivation to change, and unwillingness to cooperate with voluntary treatment, individual psychotherapy
Unrecognized Genius of Jean Piaget Kegan reflects on the work of Jean Piaget, emphasizing the importance of his work. He first looks at Kegan's most famous study, in which he fills two identically shaped beakers with equal amounts of water. He then asks the child whether or not they are of equal volume, and when the child agrees, he pours the contents into a thinner beaker. The child then has to
Human Being, Development and Change l. What does being human mean: internally, relationally and in a wider social contest? There are many different viewpoints on what it means to be human, but most boil down to the struggle between right and wrong and the role of personal responsibility. Internally, human beings struggle daily with "good" versus "bad" impulses; responsible human adults have learned to delay gratification and make use of the
Self-Regulation Bandura understands that the development of self is influenced by the environment but that the individual also has significant responsibility of determinism that makes the individual responsible for his or her behaviors. According to Boeree self-regulation is absolutely essential to behavior control and provides the backbone of human personality. Boeree describes the three steps that Bandura suggests that contribute to self-regulation; self-observation, or the process of observing our own behavior
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now