The most general critical thinking strategy involves the following steps, outlined by Cohen et al. (2000). First, we propose certain statements or hypotheses. For example, I have written down my thoughts at this stage in the decision-making process if I have too many ideas. Second, we need to think of or actively solicit counter-arguments. We need alternative explanations for our observations. So in my situation, I need to brainstorm all the possibilities for a discrepancy in pharmaceutical inventory. My hunch might seem outlandish to another person and vice-versa. Only when all ideas are on the table can the project proceed in a rational, systematic manner. The third step in the Cohen et al. (2000) model is to modify the original hypotheses to take the additional information into account.
According to Paul & Elder (2002), irrational decision-making is simply a "bad habit" (146). We can unlearn this bad habit by practicing critical thought. Being open to multiple possibilities and outcomes is important, as it liberates our mind from restrictive and biased thought. Moreover, envisioning the goal of the project keeps my mind focused. Cohen et al. (2000) emphasize the importance of keeping our decision-making focused on the goals of the project. I cannot make a decision effectively if I lose sight of the project goals; that would be thinking and acting irrationally.
We also need to know how much information is known and what the quality of that information is. When we typically think of critical thinking, we think of how crucial it is to evaluate claims and look for logical fallacies. It is the same way in day-to-day decision-making. All "proficient decision makers appear to use informal thinking strategies...that are not as general" as they seem (Cohen et al. 2000, p. 8). In other words, I succeed at work when I understand my thought processes. I need to know how to evaluate...
The two scenarios are likely to sway employees to provide false information if they are encouraged. However, the relationship had much strength in the positive. Therefore, in this study, there were clear choices. The participants were required to either tell the truth or lie. If things were easy for individuals in the world, lines of making moral decisions tend to be much fuzzier, however, the bottom line remains the same
Ethics in Decision-Making Clegg, Stewart Martin Kornberger & Carl Rhodes. (2007). Organizational ethics, decision making, undecidability, ethical decision-making. The Sociological Review, 55:2. According to Stewart Clegg, Martin Kornberger and Carl Rhodes' article, "Organizational ethics, decision making, undecidability, ethical decision-making" from the Sociological Review, ethical decision-making is not optimized with either an outcome-driven consequentialist approach nor a rule-bound deontological approach. "We suggest that rules for ethical decision making, rather than ensuring ethical outcomes,
Criminal Decision Making: The Elements of the Culture of the Street and Party Life and Their Relation to Criminal Decision-Making Understanding offenders' lifestyles and the process by which they choose to commit criminal acts is critical particularly because it has important implications for crime control. Very often, certain elements of the street and party life influence the offender's assessment of the risks and rewards of crime. According to Shover and Honaker
Professional Development Briefing: Cognitive and Affective Psychology in Professional PracticeIntroductionProblem-solving, creativity, decision-making, reasoning, and intelligence (both human and artificial) are linked domains that impact human behavior and cognition. It is important for professional psychologists to understand these domains for the sake of their clients. These areas will provide support in determining how individuals approach challenges and will also help professionals understand clients� emotional responses, decision-making processes, and interactions with technology.
Mergers The hypothesis is that "if managers are rational, mergers should always lead to an increase in shareholder value." In principle, this statement should hold, but there are a couple of pragmatic considerations that must be taken into account. Before examining the nuts and bolts of mergers, the statement needs to be corrected a little bit -- if managers are rational mergers should always lead to an expected increase in shareholder
Certain physical resources, including educational handbooks, facilities for training, and infrastructure resources will also be needed. The supply of these resources should be kept in Kava inasmuch as is possible, in order to provide jobs and establish business and social roots in the community on the island. Actions that need to be taken include preliminary meetings with government officials and social leaders, the evaluation of locations for youth development
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now