Affirmative Action Challenged
Currently, there is an increasing move away from government-centered to multi-sectored public service entities. This has created a challenge for the maintenance of equality-based programs like AA in an environment that seems to have made this move increasingly outdated. Some have even mentioned that it is addressing a problem that no longer exists (Selden). As such, Affirmative Action (AA) has been and remains a widely divisive and contested issue since its implementation in the workplace.
The initial purpose of AA was to address issues of inequality in workplaces and learning institutions after the success of the equal right movements that started during the 1960s. Particularly, non-white races and women gained greater benefits from being included in these institutions. Since the 1960s, AA has been used more or less consistently to ensure an equally representative workforce across the country. When investigating what AA has in fact accomplished, however, results vary widely. Non-white races at colleges, for example, still fare somewhat worse than their white counterparts (Selden), while minority races and women still suffer discrimination in terms of wages and discrimination in the workplace.
Currently, support for AA varies across cultures and time, according to the specific ideologies and perceptions associated with these variables. In the past, for example, there was more support for AA than has been found in later years. Indeed, there appears to be steady decline in such support. Furthermore, another finding of Selden's is that AA has more support among non-white races than among white people. One underlying reason for this could be perception, where non-white races believe the model helps to promote a sense of equality they do not yet have, while those in historically privileged positions believe that all races have the same opportunities in terms of access to work. There is therefore an underlying discrepancy in how the races and genders view AA in addition to the actual working of the program in terms of success and promoting equality.
In general, support for AA has diminished across the country, and authors like Selden have suggested that a new model is required to replace the one that has been known up to now. The issues to be investigated include:
The effectiveness of AA across the country in terms of promoting equality in various sectors.
The perception of AA among different populations.
The perception of AA among managers and leaders.
The way in which courts have enforced or modified AA policies in the workplace and colleges.
The...
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