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Cuban Missile Crisis Term Paper

Cuban Missile Crisis In October 1962 the world came closest to a nuclear holocaust than it has ever done before or since in a critical standoff between the two major nuclear powers (the U.S. And the U.S.S.R.) over the deployment of missiles in Cuba by the Soviet Union. This paper discusses the causes and consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis and assesses President Kennedy's handling of the crisis.

Causes

After the Spanish-American War of 1898 that ended the Spanish Empire and Spain's control of Cuba, the United States had given itself the right to intervene in the internal affairs of Cuba and U.S. businesses established extensive interests on the island. All of this ended with the Cuban Revolution under Fidel Castro in 1959. The U.S. was not prepared to accept a leftist revolution so close to its borders and the CIA carried out several covert and overt attempts to dislodge Castro, which culminated in the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961. The failure of the invasion did not deter the U.S. And it continued to threaten the Cuban regime with covert operations and hostile acts and the Cubans feared another imminent invasion by the U.S.

The...

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strategic forces by the Kennedy administration that the Soviet Union was unable to match due to the costs involved but felt obliged to counter because of the Cold War imperatives. Subsequent release of classified documents indicate that one of the five approved strategic plans at the time based on the U.S. military build-up at the time called for a nuclear first-strike against the Soviet Union. (Brenner) Khrushchev reacted in an admittedly risky venture by secretly deploying nuclear missiles in Cuba to discourage U.S. aggression against Cuba and prevent a nuclear first strike on the Soviet Union.
Consequences

The Cuban Missile Crisis is considered to be the high point of the Cold War after which the confrontation between the two military super powers began to subside and led to the signing of the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1963. The reason for the relative decrease in tensions was the realization by the two countries of the dangerous consequences of brinkmanship in such a high-stakes game. Following the crisis, there was a temporary strain in relations between Cuba and the U.S.S.R. As Castro felt that…

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References

Cuban Missile Crisis." (2003) Article in Encyclopedia Encarta. CD-ROM Version, 2003

Brenner, Philip. (2002) "Turning History on its Head." The National Security Archive. The George Washington University Web Site. Retrieved on June 1, 2003 at http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/brenner.htm

May, Ernest and Zelikow, Philip. (Feb 1998) "Eavesdropping on History: Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis." Encarta Yearbook, 1998

Through the passing of the Platt Amendment by the U.S. Congress in 1901 that backtracked on the Teller Amendment passed before the War pledging the U.S. intention of not annexing Cuba
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