Critical Thinking and Logical Fallacies
Author and speaker Brian Tracy says that people do not make decisions rationally, or logically. He believes that individuals make decisions emotionally, and then only seek to justify them on a rational, logical, or rational thought basis. For example, purchasing a vehicle is less often the rational decision regarding what is needed, and more often influences by what the person wants to gain from an individual vehicle, and how he or she wants to be perceived. The same can be said of purchasing clothing, filling a closet full of shoes when a few pair are needed, or justifying a third scope of ice cream on a late night snack. Thus when discussing critical thinking, and logical fallacies, we are attempting to move individuals out of the normal thought process, into an environment which is totally foreign to traditional thought, and decision making.
For these reasons, the subject of logical fallacies tends to bend our imagination, or even go unnoticed. Logical fallacies are typically rooted in the emotional construct of the argument. Logical fallacies are based in emotional reasoning rather than critical, logical, or rational thought processes. In other words, when we make decisions emotionally, we most often void out logical thinking processed. While emotions serve as the motivating force behind our choices, we seek to move toward a logical basis so that our decision can be based on a foundation other than how it makes me feel.
None the less, critical thinking and logical argument are as crucial to a democratic nation today as they were to the Founding Fathers in 1700s. "Psychology is about critical thinking; life is about critical thinking" (Smith, 1995) An analysis of the construction of arguments can be found in any university logic class. While much attention has been paid by educators to critical...
(Duplass and Zeidler, 2002)
Any people group bring with them opinions and information that they glean from the popular culture. Content material for a discussion about current issues is readily accessible in the form of newspapers, weekly magazines, and television documentaries and newscasts. Whether a person feels like an expert or feels overwhelmed by the available information on a topic, helping separate the logical form the fallacious is a key talent to give the person control over his own destiny through teaching individuals to evaluate information through discussions with others who are also seeking accurate information and reliable sources.
Often, logical fallacies are used in an argument when the person wants to shift attention from one issue to another. In the event that the topic is becoming too personal, or too painful, the person who wants to avoid the conflict will often dip into the emotional reservoir and splash emotional gasoline onto the conversation, in hopes that the resulting explosion will allow him to escape attention, like a magician in a puff of smoke.
This tendency is particularly evident when interacting with adolescents. At an age when teens are discarding the logical and rational instruction of their parents, and taking on priorities which make them 'feel' like an individual, learning the ability to distinguish between rational discussion and logical fallacies is an important aspect of maturation. (Fauth et al., 1998) We all do it, as avoidance is one of the surest ways to deal with confrontation, or the threat of change. Therefore, understanding logical fallacies is an important task for those who want to move beyond the limitation of emotional living, and be able to take control over their thought process, and be able to communicate with others who may disagree with them.
The fallacy of look who's talking is a common appeal to the emotional relativism of a situation. The…
Business Case Studies Critical Thinking -- Erroneous Thinking Logical Fallacies in Business Reporting Although the reporting of facts and figures is often thought of as an objective science, quite frequently even business reporting is characterized by logical fallacies, including but not limited to appeals to ignorance, hasty generalizations, and ad hominem attacks. In fact, one could argue that these logical fallacies, however, are particularly common and pernicious in business reporting because of the
Fallacies Logical Fallacies Slippery slope is a logical fallacy where one event is said to lead to another event, which in turn leads to another event, which in turn has significant consequences. For example, a person might argue that if one person is given a pay rise, everyone else will expect a pay rise, and that everyone will expect continual pay rises, and that the organization will go bankrupt. The fallacy occurs
According to Miller and Wright (2002), "When it comes to plea bargaining, we have created a false dilemma. The dilemma grows out of the central reality of criminal adjudication in the United States. The vast majority of criminal cases are resolved through guilty pleas rather than trials. Most of those guilty pleas result from negotiations between prosecution and defense" (p. 29). Straw Man. According to Walton (2004), "The straw man fallacy
Part One: Main Ideas and Insights Critical thinking does not necessarily come naturally to people, who are subject to biases and prejudicial assumptions. According to Paul & Elder (2016), critical thinking can be learned and mastered. Critical thinking is essential for improving quality of life and promoting best practices in any field. With critical thinking, a person actively seeks answers and solutions to problems, probing multiple points of view and perspectives.
But if one agrees with the jury that convicted her, that the evidence supports that "Stewart acted on illegally obtained information in selling her stock," the fact that some corporate executives might 'do worse' things does not make her illegal actions correct or 'a good thing.' Ironically, one of the reasons so many celebrities used the 'two wrongs make a right' defense of Stewart -- even if she did lie,
university education. Critical thinking requires that the thinker consider all elements of an idea, concept or statement. There is a wide range of such elements, including the motives of the communicator, the subtext, the timing and more. The ability to analyze these elements and to criticize them and to make conclusions based on sound inferences about these elements is core to critical thinking (Freeley & Steinberg, 2008). Worldview is
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now