Crisis Communications: An Examination of the SARS Outbreak and Implications for Communications
The SARS outbreak of 2003 presented a definite crisis for the Centers for Disease Control. Not only was the potential for an epidemic a matter of immediate practical concern, but the organization had to deal with inaccurate and incomplete information coming from China (where the outbreak originated), a lack of knowledge regarding he disease itself, and other complicating factors that limited the avenues of action that could be taken. The communications aspect of this crisis was especially important, as it was only through proper public warning and education that the outbreak could be effectively controlled and a true epidemic avoided, while at the same time the reputation of the CDC was at stake. The following pages will examine the communications implications of this crisis.
Identifying the Crisis
The SARS crisis is not easily defined according to the categories presented. In part a natural disaster and in part a crisis of deception for the CDC, the way in which the information and actions related to SARS needs to be dealt with is highly sensitive and complex. The outbreak constitutes a natural disaster in that the root of the problem doesn't lie with human fault or error, and there is no blame for the fact that the virus causing the disease exists (Natural Disasters). At the same time, information coming -- and not coming -- from China and from other sources presents a substantial difficulty to effectively dealing with the issues in this case, and while the CDC itself is quite wary of presenting misinformation or inaccurate data or conclusions to the public, there...
Air traffic has continued to increase and it now constitutes a considerable proportion of the travelling public. The amount of long-hour flights has increased significantly. Based on the International Civil Aviation authority, air traffic can be anticipated to double amid till 2020. Airline travel, especially over longer distances, makes air travelers vulnerable to numerous facets that will impact their health and well-being. Particularly, the speed with which influenza spreads and
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Organizational Accountability Review of Taiwan's Disaster Management Activities In Response To Typhoon Morakot Taiwanese System of Government 174 Responsibility of Emergency Management in Taiwan 175 Disasters in Taiwan 175 Citizen Participation 189 Shafritz defines citizen participation as follows: 192 Public Managers, Citizen Participation, and Decision Making 192 The Importance of Citizen Participation 197 Models of Citizen Participation 199 Citizen Participation Dilemmas 205 Accountability 207 Definitions of Accountability 207 The Meaning of Accountability 208 The Functions of Accountability 213 Citizen Participation and Accountability 216 Accountability Overloads
There are no deductibles and no user fees nor limits to contributions on the plan. There are also no restrictions on services to be used and no premiums to pay for basic care coverage other than taxes, a far cry from the high deductibles, co-pays and other fees associated with health care in the United States. Key to this point is the idea that Canadian health care costs less because
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