Patterns Juvenile Delinquency Throughout the World/How Determine Who Juvenile?
Patterns in juvenile delinquency also vary throughout the world, as do the way countries define "delinquency" among juveniles. The Japanese according to Platt (2005) have taken on a much more philosophical approach to juvenile delinquency, supporting a Confucian style structure of education and support, one that works toward educating children to become part of the larger social collective (p. 965). In this environment, children are encouraged to become more socially aware and to self-regulate, often given the opportunity to reform before they are punished for wrongdoings.
This conflicts sharply with juvenile delinquency programs and structures elsewhere in the world. In Australia, juvenile delinquency is often associated with being a member of a juvenile gang, which is defined as "youth hanging out on the streets with gang activity" or street activity that has the potential to lead to mischievous behaviors (Duffy & Gillig, 2004, p. 2). Illegal activity is addressed when territorial behaviors are engaged in, whether or not juveniles act criminally in many cases (Duffy & Gillig, 2004). In Brazil, juvenile delinquency is seen as more common, and associated with children "of the streets" which comprise primarily homeless children who authorities state often engage in crime "to survive" thus are much different according to Brazilian authorities, who promote privatization of policing, than the "street gangs of Chicago or Los Angeles" (Duffy & Gillig, 2004, p. 3).
In the United States, there is more often a mixture of males and females associated with gangs than in other countries, where more commonly male juveniles from ages 12 to 24 may be associated with "juvenile" type crimes (Duffy & Gillig, 2004). This compared with the United States, where typically a child is considered a "juvenile" and subject to imprisonment in juvenile detention centers, rehabilitative centers and subject to more lenient and rehabilitative sentencing to the age of 17 or 17 (Duffy & Gillig, 2004) except in cases involving malevolent crimes, such as homicide or crimes with proven malicious intent, including rape (Duffy & Gillig, 2004; Keynes, 1996).
Globally there is universal acceptance that adolescents regardless of their age are more likely to engage in violent or serious crimes if they affiliate...
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