Criminal Justice System: Criminal Cases and Civil Cases
Civil and Criminal Liability
Civil cases are private disputes arising between individuals following violations of legal responsibilities owed to each other. Criminal cases, on the other hand, involve wrongs committed against the state, and which are regarded as harmful to society as a whole, as opposed to a single individual. This text compares civil and criminal cases with the aim of identifying differences and similarities, as well as the role played by either in the administration of justice.
Parties Involved: a civil case begins when an aggrieved party (plaintiff) brings suit against another party (defendant) for failing to honor a legal responsibility owed to him/her. In this scenario, the case is filed at the state or federal court by the wronged party, and both the defendant and the plaintiff are referred to as 'litigants' or 'parties to the suit' (Find Law, 2014). Failing to live up to a contract is one of the most common contributors to civil cases. We can take, for instance, the example of a lumberyard and a carpenter, who enter into a contract where the former is to supply a specific quantity of wood to the latter for a specified period of time -- if the lumberyard fails to deliver the same as agreed upon and the carpenter is consequently forced to buy the wood from another vendor, perhaps at a higher price, the carpenter could sue the lumberyard for damages, where he could petition the court to order the defendant to pay the extra costs incurred (Find Law, 2014a). The government and corporations can also file civil cases; for instance, the government could bring a civil suit against a medical facility for overbilling Medicaid or Medicare (Find Law, 2014).
In criminal cases, however, it is not the aggrieved party's duty to bring suit against the defendant. This duty is taken over by the government through either the federal or the state prosecutor's office. Unlike in a civil case, therefore,...
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