CSR in Beijing
Independent and dependent variable
Qualitative Case study
Research design Multiple case study and document review
Sampling selection and Data collections
Quantitative Survey
Questionnaire Design and scale measurement
Data collection and Response rate
Data Analysis of the Pilot test
Quantitative Data Analysis
Sampling Design
Reliability and Validity of Scaling Technique
Exploratory Factor Analysis
The overriding aim of the proposed project is to investigate the effect of CSR on the financial performance of Chinese companies. This, on one hand includes an investigation of how Chinese companies perceive the concept of CSR and how much they have incorporated the same into their corporate operations; and on the other hand, an exploration of the correlation between CSR and corporate performance. The specific research questions guiding the investigation have been restated;
RQ1: Is there a relationship between CSR and corporate performance?
RQ2: Does company CSR improve financial performance?
This chapter outlines the theoretical fundamentals and practical procedures that were deemed most suitable for responding to the research questions above.
3.1 - General Research Design
This study combines the qualitative and quantitative approaches in what Tashakkori and Creswell (2007) refer to as the 'mixed method design'. The authors express that the approach is still relatively new, and that its quality standards, methods, and concepts are still under contention. The researcher, all the same, deems it appropriate for a two-part study of this nature, which consists of a qualitative part one that employs the case study and document review techniques and a part two that makes use of quantitative surveys, to establish linkages and correlations between factors. Qualitative methods will enable the researcher to obtain more in-depth information about how Chinese companies perceive or value CSR, whereas Quantitative techniques will be crucial in ensuring reliability of collected data.
3.2 - Nature of the Study
Given the open-ended nature of the research questions, the study has been designed as an exploratory inquiry. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected in a sequential order over a period of three months. The information being sought is of a rather confidential nature, and measures will be put in place to ensure that the identity of participants is protected. Participants will be made aware of the exact period of time for which the researcher intends to keep their records and identities, and given an assurance that any information gathered will be used for purposes of the research only.
3.2.1 - Theoretical Framework
Empirical research suggests that the relationship between CSR and CP is influenced by several variables, and that the effect on CP could be assessed on the basis of non-financial as well as financial indicators of performance. Luo and Bhattacharya (2006) put forth management attitudes, shareholder satisfaction, customer satisfaction, employee turnover, and employee satisfaction as the most fundamental non-financial indices that could be affected by the implementation of the CSR concept. The non-financial effect of CSR is, however, beyond the scope of this analysis, which focuses purely on the effect of CSR on financial corporate performance.
Independent Variable: this study adopts the stakeholder theory framework and the assumption that the overriding objective of any business unit is to balance the expectations of its stakeholders through its corporate activities, to develop a six-stakeholder criterion for quantifying the independent variable CSR. The six stakeholder dimensions -- employees, health contributions, education contributions, community welfare, environmental sensitivity, and consumer safety were identified from company annual reports during the pilot study.
Dependent Variable: ROA and ROE will be used to quantify the dependent variable, financial performance. Ullmann (1985) points out that such external factors as industry performance, corporate debt level, and company size could also have an effect on CP, and that they have to be controlled in order to separate CSR as a single variable. The study makes use of total assets and total sales instead of firm size in selecting sample participants as a way of ensuring that start-up units and small firms are excluded, and hence, the effects of debt level and industry performance are minimal.
The study, therefore, hypothesizes that:
H1 the higher the level of CSR towards employee relations, the higher the level of ROA
H2 the higher the level of CSR towards community relations, the higher the level of ROA
H3 the higher the level of CSR towards environmental relations, the higher the level of ROE
H4 the higher the level of CSR towards customers relations, the higher the level of ROE
H5 the higher the level of CSR towards education relations,...
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