Sutherland was quite critical of why some crimes were defined as deviant, while society appears more tolerant of other transgressions. For example, individual theft is seen as causing great harm, while the harm caused by illegal pollution and the dissemination of hazardous waste are hardly recognized. In 2002, for example, the Carnival Company, a Florida-based cruise company which operates 40 ships, was convicted of falsifying its oil record books. The company under-reported the levels of oil in the bilge water it discharged. The higher levels of oil threatened ocean life. To avoid prosecution, Carnival agreed to pay $18 million in fines (Ferro 2003).
Though Carnival was guilty of wrongdoing, few members of the general public at the time would go so far as to define Carnival's actions as criminally deviant.
In summary, both functionalist and social labeling theories help to explain how corporate deviance are both defined and addressed in society. Functionalist theories emphasize how ideas regarding deviance are created...
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Corporate Crime Through History And Its Place in Corporate America Today Corporate crimes have taken center stage in our thoughts, imaginations and most importantly on the front pages of our newspapers. Of course, with the recent incarceration of Martha Stewart, we've come face-to-face with the very public persona of corporate crime, but much of the history is behind the scenes rather than on our television screens daily. According to the Encyclopedia
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White Collar and Corporate Crime Pose Special Problems for the Criminal Justice System? White collar and corporate crime present special challenges for the criminal justice system in several different and significant ways. First, they pose a challenge to the criminal justice system in detection, because they both differ from traditional criminal behavior. Second, they pose a challenge for prosecution, because it can be difficult to prove either type of criminal
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