Plato
It is possible to read Plato's Apology as the best extant textual representation of the legacy of Athens in the fifth century BCE in law and politics. The fact is that the Athenians, although they voted to put Socrates to death, might very well agree on principle with this evaluation. The Apology is, after all, a representation of the Athenian system of trial by jury, and it is worth recalling that this judicial system was considered to be a founding myth of Athens itself. Earlier in the century, roughly a decade before Socrates was born, the tragedian Aeschylus in the Oresteia would represent the mythological and divinely-sanctioned origins of the Athenian jury trial, as a replacement for the endlessly bloody cycle of the lex talionis, when the goddess Athena invites a group of Athenian citizens to sit in judgment on Orestes, who killed his mother in revenge for her murder of his father, and vote on his guilt or innocence. It is therefore possible to view Plato's Apology as a representation of the process in which Athens regarded with civic pride and even religious reverence, and to view it as a "warts and all"-style portrait of the centerpiece of the Greek political system.
The irony, of course, is that the Apology does not represent the jury trial as perfect: Socrates is convicted. (This seems to have been emphasized even in mythic representations of the jury system: in the Oresteia Aeschylus represents the first trial as having ended in a tie-vote, with the tie broken by the divine intervention of Athena herself.) But we will see through a closer examination...
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