Contact Dermatitis to Metal: Case Study
Dermatitis
Contact dermatitis on the hands can be caused by a number of distinct mechanisms (Usatine & Riojas, 2010). The type most amenable to treatment is dermatitis caused by environmental irritants. Other possible causes include allergic and atopic dermatitis, each arising from different mechanisms. The patient under consideration here has been diagnosed with contact dermatitis due to metal exposure and is concerned about a possible link between the eczema and rhinitis. This report will examine the pathophysiology of contact dermatitis and whether there could be any relationship between the patient's dermatitis and rhinitis.
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis is caused by exposing the skin to harmful substances (Usatine & Riojas, 2010). A wound or injury can compromise the ability of the skin to maintain an effective barrier against noxious substances, resulting in skin trauma. A single or chronic exposure can lead to local inflammation of the skin and produce a characteristic pattern of thick, scaly lesions on the hands (Alavi, Skotnicki, Sussman, & Sibbald, 2012). Treatment and management is fairly straightforward and involves cleansing the skin, bandaging any wounds or injuries, and preventing future exposures either through avoiding the substance or the use of personal protective gear. Irritant contact dermatitis can lead to the development of allergic contact dermatitis.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) results when the immune system has inappropriately reacted to an otherwise benign substance as if it was a harmful agent (Usatine & Riojas, 2010). One of the most important functions of the skin is to distinguish between useful or commensal microbes and those that could potentially harm us (McFadden, Puangpet, Basketter, Dearman, & Kimber, 2013). The skin would not be able to perform...
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