¶ … individual differences (idiographic) and group comparison (nomothetic) in the interpretation of results.
As noted in Caltabiano & Shellshear (1998), there is a wide range of idiographic differences in terms of food preferences. Although cultural differences clearly affect food likes and dislikes, even within a culture such as ours there is a wide range of preferences. The perceptions of what foods are healthy, in contrast, is much narrower and based upon perceived factual data. Gender differences were noted regarding food choices and other general trends were observed between groups (such as more calorie-counting amongst women); however, in a discussion of the results it was noted that overall an idiographic approach would be favored when counseling individuals on nutrition. Individual differences were extremely varied. Similarly, in Ellard, Farchione, & Barlow's (2012) analysis of individual responses to music, images, and film, it was found that "significant differences also emerged in ratings of positive affect, with greater personal relevance significantly related to greater positive affect" regarding how individuals experienced different media (p.232). In other words, although dislikes were consistent within groups, preferences were far more difference.
What are the strengths and limitations of interpreting performances from either position?
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Psychological Distress in a Natural Disaster Among the many problems that humans encounter following a natural disaster is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD can result from natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, tornados among other frightening natural events that cause damage and result in serious injuries and loss of life. When humans are exposed to horrific natural disasters they may continue to carry the fearful events in their memories;
Human Memory Psychology This literature review upon human memory will cover a fairly wide spectrum of ideas regarding the subject. While there will be a number of connections among the divisions or categories of this literature review, there will certainly be several distinctions or differences among them. The psychological research a part of the review will span, roughly, the duration of the 21st century thus far, with a few sources of
Evidence-Based Programs and Practices in psychological health Introduction Numerous years of research and studies in clinical psychology have illustrated that how individuals process received information, particularly with an attentional bias (AB) to scary information as well as bias in negatively interpreting vague information and data (interpretation bias), actually plays a huge part in the start and maintenance of depression and anxiety (Hughes at al., 2016). There is a growing interest in health
Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) has become the treatment of choice for a wide range of psychological disorders and its efficacy has been demonstrated by numerous quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies (Spates & Pagoto, 2010). In order to develop a thorough understanding of CBT and its applications, this paper provides a review of a series of quantitative and qualitative research articles as well as a mixed methods study and a
From the fact that two individuals were able to keep their hands in for 5 seconds longer than that of the other participants it seems as though the motivational approach may be more effective than sensory discriminative in quelling pain. Nonetheless, this study is severely limited in that the sample was extremely small, and that I was a biased facilitator (ideally such a study should be conducted with at
Julie's Psychological Assessment Report The psychological assessment is defined as a process of using the combinations of techniques to test the hypothesis about an individual personality, behaviors, and capabilities. In other words, psychological assessment is synonymous to the psychological testing used to carry out the thorough assessment of the individual. Typically, a psychological professional develops a psychological assessment report to carry out an assessment of the current needs of individuals. The
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